Abstract
Primary thyroidal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, although rare, is an important component of the differential diagnosis for thyroid nodules or malignancy, mainly because of the significantly different prognosis and treatment approach. Only about 2% of extranodal lymphomas arise as primary malignancies within the thyroid gland, and these represent no more than 5% of all thyroid malignancies (1). In a Danish epidemiological survey, the annual incidence rate was estimated as 2.1 per million persons, with a 4:1 female predominance (2). Most other retrospective series have confirmed this markedly higher frequency of disease in women (3–7). The mean and median ages at diagnosis are between 65 and 75 years, with a suggestion that women present at a significantly older age than men (2–7); like anaplastic carcinoma, presentation before age 40 is extremely rare.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Freeman C, Berg JW, Cutler SJ. Occurrence and prognosis of extranodal lymphomas. Cancer 1972; 39: 252–260.
Pedersen RK, Pedersen NT. Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid gland: a population based study. Histopathology 1996; 28: 25–32.
Junor EJ, Paul J, Reed NS. Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid. Eur J Surg Oncol 1992; 18: 313–321.
Pyke CM, Grant CS, Habermann TM, Kurtin PJ, van Heerden JA, Bergstralh EJ, et al. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid: is more than biopsy necessary? World J Surg 1992; 16: 604–609.
Skarsgard ED, Connors JM, Robins RE. A current analysis of primary lymphoma of the thyroid. Arch Surg 1991; 126: 1199–1203.
Wolf BC, Sheahan K, DeCoste D, Variakojis D, Alpern HD, Haselow RE. Immunohistochemical analysis of small cell tumors of the thyroid gland: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. Hum Pathol 1992; 23: 1252–1261.
Logue JP, Hale RJ, Stewart AL, Duthie MB, Banerjee SS. Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid: a clinicopathological analysis. Int J Radiol Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 22: 929–933.
Hyjek E, Isaacson PG. Primary B cell lymphoma and its relationship to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Hum Pathol 1988; 19: 1315–1326.
Holm LE, Blomgren H, Lowhagen T. Cancer risks in patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 601–604.
Harach HR, Williams ED. Thyroid cancer and thyroiditis in the goitrous region of Salta, Argentina, before and after iodine prophylaxis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995; 43: 701–706.
Burke JS, Butler JJ, Fuller ML. Malignant lymphomas of the thyroid: a clinical pathologic study of 35 patients including ultrastructural observations. Cancer 1977; 39: 1587–1602.
Matsuzuka F, Miyauchi A, Katayama S, Narabayashi I, Ikeda H, Kuma K, Sugawara M. Clinical aspects of primary thyroid lymphoma: Diagnosis and treatment based on our experience of 119 cases. Thyroid 1993; 3: 93–99.
Mizukami Y, Michigishi T, Nonomura A, Nakamura S, Hashimoto T, Katsuda S, et al. Primary lymphoma of the thyroid: a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical study of 20 cases. Histopathology 1990; 17: 201–209.
Ohsawa M, Noguchi S, Aozasa K. Immunologic type of thyroid lymphoma in an adult T-cell leukemia endemic area in Japan. Leuk Lymphoma 1995; 17: 341–344.
Tsang RW, Gospodarowicz MK, Sutcliffe SB, Sturgeon JF, Panzarella T, Patterson BJ. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid gland: prognostic factors and treatment outcome. The Princess Margaret Hospital Lymphoma Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993; 27: 599–604.
Mazzaferri EL, Oertel YC. Primary malignant thyroid lymphoma and related lymphoproliferative disorders. In Mazzaferri EL, Samaan NA, editors. Endocrine tumors. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993: 348–377.
Aozasa K, Inoue A, Tajima K, Miyauchi A, Matsuzuka F, Kuma K. Analysis of 79 patients with emphasis on histologic prognostic factors. Cancer 1986; 58: 100–104.
Isaacson P, Wright DH. Extranodal malignant lymphoma arising from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Cancer 1984; 53: 2515–2524.
Chan JKC, Ng CS, Isaacson PG. Relationship between high-grade lymphoma and low-grade B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) of the stomach. Am J Pathol 1990; 136: 1153.
Ashton-Key M, Biddolph SC, Stein H, Gatter KC, Mason DY. Heterogeneity of bd-2 expression in MALT lymphoma. Histopathology 1995; 26: 75–78.
Du M, Peng H, Singh N, Isaacson PG, Pan L. The accumulation of p53 abnormalities is associated with progression of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Blood 1995; 86: 4587–4593.
Laing RW, Hoskin P, Hudson BV, Hudson GV, Harmer C, Bennett MH, MacLennan KA. The significance of MALT histology in thyroid lymphoma: a review of patients from the BNLI and Royal Marsden Hospital. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1994; 6: 300–304.
Anscombe AM, Wright DH. Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid-a tumour of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: review of seventy-six cases. Histopathology 1985; 9: 81–97.
Herrmann R, Panahon AM, Barcos MP, Walsh D, Stutzman L. Gastro-intestinal involvement in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Cancer 1980; 46: 215–222.
Tupchong L, Hughes F, Harmer CL. Primary lymphoma of the thyroid: clinical features, prognostic factors, and results of treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1986; 12: 1813 1821.
Jennings AS, Saberi M. Thyroid lymphoma in a patient with hyperthyroidism. Am J Med. 1984; 76: 551–552.
Zeki K, Eto S, Fujihira T, Masuda M, Oda S, Chiba S, Suzuki H. Primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid in a patient with longstanding Graves’ disease. Endocrinol Jpn 1985; 32: 435–440.
Podoloff DA. Is there a place for routine surveillance using sonography, CT, or MR imaging for early detection (notably lymphoma) of patients affected by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis ? AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996; 167: 1337–1338.
Higashi T, Ito K, Mimura T, Ohi T, Nishikawa Y. Clinical evaluation of 67-Ga scanning in the diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma and malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. Radiology 1981; 141: 491–497.
Scott AM, Kostakoglu L, O’Brien JP, Straus DJ, Abdel-Dayem HM, Larson SM. Comparison of technetium-99m-MIBI and thallium-201-chloride uptake in primary thyroid lymphoma. J Nucl Med 1992; 33: 1396–1398.
Carbone PP, Kaplan HS, Musshoff K, Smither DW, Tubiana M. Report of the committee on Hodgkin’s disease staging classification. Cancer Res 1971; 31: 1860–1861.
Evans TR, Mansi JL, Bevan DH, Dalgleish AG, Harmer CL. Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid with bone marrow infiltration at presentation. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1995; 7: 54–55.
Friedberg MH, Coburn MC, Monchik JM. Role of surgery in stage IE non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the thyroid. Surgery 1994; 116: 1061–1066.
Vigliotti A, Kong JS, Fuller LM, Velasquez WS. Thyroid lymphomas stages IE and IIE: comparative results for radiotherapy only, combination chemotherapy only, and multimodality treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1986; 12: 1807–1812.
Compagno J, Oertel JE. Malignant lymphoma and other lymphoproliferative disorders of the thyroid gland. Am J Clin Pathol 1980; 74: 1–11.
Doria R, Jekel JF, Cooper DL. Thyroid lymphoma. The case for combined modality therapy. Cancer 1994; 73: 200–206.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sherman, S.I. (2000). Thyroid Lymphoma. In: Wartofsky, L. (eds) Thyroid Cancer. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-199-2_40
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-199-2_40
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-6845-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-199-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive