Abstract
The reperfusion era for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) began when Rentrop and colleagues demonstrated in 1979 that an acutely occluded coronary artery could be successfully recanalized with the combination of mechanical intervention with a guidewire and pharmacologic intervention with the infusion of intracoronary streptokinase (1). Multiple clinical trials subsequently demonstrated the effectiveness and survival benefit of intravenous streptokinase, and thrombolytic therapy became the standard of care as reperfusion therapy for AMI in the late 1980s and 1990s (2–4). During the same time period, Hartzler and others demonstrated that mechanical reperfusion with primary angioplasty was also a highly effective strategy (5–7). While it was clear that primary angioplasty had certain advantages over thrombolytic therapy in achieving greater patency rates and avoiding the life-threatening complication of intracranial hemorrhage, primary angioplasty did not become a competitive reperfusion strategy until the early 1990s with the publication of the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) and Zwolle trials (8,9). The 1990s have produced a number of randomized trials that provide meaningful comparisons between primary angioplasty (performed in the pre-stent era with plain old balloon angioplasty [POBA]) and first-and second-generation thrombolytic therapy (streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA], and accelerated t-PA).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Rentrop KP, Blanke H, Karsch KR, et al. Acute myocardial infarction: intracoronary application of nitroglycerin and streptokinase. Clin Cardiol 1979; 2: 354–363.
Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio Della Streptochinasi nell’ Infarcto Miocardico (GISSI). Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986; 1: 397–402.
ISIS-2 (Second International Study Of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction; ISIS-2. Lancet 1988; 2: 349–360.
Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists’ (FTT) Collaborative Group. Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomized trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet 1994; 343: 311–322.
Hartzler GO, Rutherford BD, McConahay DR, et al. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with and without thrombolytic therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1983; 106: 965–973.
Brodie BR, Weintraub RA, Stuckey TD, et al. Outcomes of direct coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in candidates and non-candidates for thrombolytic therapy. Am J Cardiol 1991; 67: 7–12.
O’Neill WW, Weintraub R, Grines CL, et al. A prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase and angioplasty vs. lone angioplasty therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1992; 86: 1710–1717.
Grines CL, Brown KF, Marco J, et al. A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 673–679.
Zijlstra F, Jan de Boer M, Hoorntje JCA, Reiffers S, Reiber JHC, Suryapranata H. A comparison of immediate coronary angioplasty with intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 680–684.
O’Neill W, Timmis GC, Bourdillon PD, et al. A prospective randomized clinical trial of intracoronary streptokinase versus coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 812–818.
The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes (GUSTO IIb) Angioplasty Substudy Investigators. A clinical trial comparing primary coronary angioplasty with tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1621–1628.
Stone GW, Grines CL, O’Neill WW. Primary coronary angioplasty versus thrombolysis. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1168–1169 (letter).
Stone GW, O’Neill WW, Jones B, Grines CL. The central unifying concept of TIMI-3 flow after primary PTCA in thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1996; 94 (Suppl I): I - 515 (abstract).
Weaver WD, Simes RJ, Betriu A, et al. Comparison of primary coronary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review. JAMA 1997; 278: 2093–2098.
DeWood MA. Direct PTCA versus intravenous tPA in acute myocardial infarction: Results from a prospective randomized trial. In: Proceedings from the Thrombolysis and Interventional Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction Symposium VI. George Washington University, Washington, DC, 1990; pp. 28–29.
Gibbons RJ, Holmes DR, Reeder GS, Bailey KR, Hopfenspirger MR, Gersh BJ. Immediate angioplasty compared with the administration of a thrombolytic agent followed by conservative treatment for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 685–691.
Ribeiro EE, Silva LA, Carneiro R, et al. Randomized trial of direct coronary angioplasty versus intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 376–380.
Grinfield L, Berrocal D, Belardi J, et al. Fibrinolytics versus primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction (FAP). J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27(Suppl):A-222 (abstract).
Zijlstra F, Beukema WP, Van’t Hof AWJ, et al. Randomized comparison of primary coronary angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy in low risk patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 908–912.
Ribichini F, Steffenino G, Dellavalle A, et al. Comparison of thrombolytic therapy and primary coronary angioplasty with liberal stenting for inferior myocardial infarction with precordial ST-segment depression: immediate and long term results of a randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1687–1694.
Garcia E, Elizaga J, Perez-Castellano N, et al. Primary angioplasty versus systemic thrombolysis in anterior myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 605–611.
Stone ZW, Grines GL, Browne KS, et al. Predictors of in-hospital and six month outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in the reperfusion era: the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 370–377.
Holmes DR Jr, White HD, Pieper KS, Ellis SG, Califf RM, Topol EJ. The effect of age on outcome with primary angioplasty versus thrombolysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 412–419.
Stone ZW, Grines CL, Browne KF, et al. Influence of acute myocardial infarction location on in-hospital and late outcomes after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus tissue plasminogen activator therapy. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 19–25.
Vassanelli C, Ellis SG, Phillips HR, Betriu A, Van de Werf FJJ, Stebbins A. No greater benefit with PTCA in patients with anterior infarction—updated 30-day results of the GUSTO IIb substudy. Circulation 1996; 94 (Suppl I): I - 329 (abstract).
Stone GW, Grines CL, Browne KF, et al. Comparison of in-hospital outcome in men versus women treated by either thrombolytic therapy or primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 987–992.
The International Study Group. In-hospital mortality and clinical course of 2,891 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction randomized between Alteplase and streptokinase with and without heparin. Lancet 1990; 336: 71–75.
Moscucci M, Bates ER. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction: cardiogenic shock. Cardiol Clin 1995; 13: 391–406.
Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, et al. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 625–634.
GUSTO Angiographic Investigators. The effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase or both on coronary artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1615–1622.
Antman EM, Giugliano RP, Gibson M, et al. Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis: Results of the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 14 Trial. Circulation 1999; 99: 2720–2732.
Topol EJ, Califf RM, Van de Werf F, et al. Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: the GUSTO randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357: 1905–1914.
Nunn CM, O’Neill WW, Rothbaum D, et al. Long-term outcome after primary angioplasty: report from the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI-1) Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33: 640–646.
Zijlstra F, Hoorntje JCA, de Boer MJ, et al. Long-term benefit of primary angioplasty as compared with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1413–1419.
Veen G, de Boer MJ, Zijlstra F, Verheugt FWA. Improvement in three-month angiographic outcomes suggested after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (Zwolle trial) compared with successful thrombolysis (APRICOT trial). Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 763–767.
White HD, French JK, Hamer AW, et al. Frequent re-occlusion of patent infarct-related arteries between four weeks and one year: effects of antiplatelet therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 218–223.
Brodie BR, Grines CL, Ivanhoe R, et al. Six month clinical and angiographic follow-up after direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: final results from the primary angioplasty registry. Circulation 1994; 25: 155–162.
Nakagawa Y, Iwasaki Y, Kimura T, et al. Serial angiographic follow-up after successful direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1996; 78: 980–984.
White HB, Cross DB, Elliott JM, Norris RM, Yee TW. Long-term prognostic importance of patency of the infarct related coronary artery after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1994; 89: 61–67.
Brodie BR, Stuckey TD, Kissling G, Hansen CJ, Weintraub RA, Kelly TA. Importance of infarct-related artery patency for recovery of left ventricular function and late survival after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 319–325.
O’Keefe JH, Grines CL, DeWood MA, Bateman TM, Christian TF, Gibbons RJ. Factors influencing myocardial salvage with primary angioplasty. J Nucl Cardiol 1995; 2: 35–41.
Milavetz JJ, Giebel DW, Christian TF, Schwartz RS, Holmes DR Jr, Gibbons RJ. Time to therapy and salvage in myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31: 1246–1251.
Weaver WD, Cerqueira M, Hallstrom AP, et al. Prehospital—initiated vs. hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy. The Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Trial. JAMA 1993; 270: 1211–1216.
Brodie BR, Stuckey TD, Wall TC, et al. Importance of time to reperfusion for 30-day and late survival and recovery of left ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1312–1319.
Berger PB, Ellis SG, Holmes DR Jr, et al. Relationship between delay in performing direct coronary angioplasty and early clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes (GUSTO-IIb Trial). Circulation 1999; 100: 14–20.
O’Neill WW, Brodie BR, Ivanhoe R, et al. Primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (The Primary Angioplasty Registry). Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 627–634.
Stone GW, Brodie BR, Griffin JJ, et al. Role of cardiac surgery in the hospital phase management of patients treated with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2000; 85: 1292–1296.
Grines CL, Cox DA, Stone GW, et al. Coronary angioplasty with or without stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1949–1956.
Brener SJ, Barr LA, Burchenal JEB, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade with primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998; 98: 734–741.
Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, Dirschinger J, Pache J, Mehilli J, Schomig A. Use of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade in acute myocardial infarction treated with intracoronary stenting: Thirty-day clinical results of a randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999; 33 (Suppl A): 339A (abstract).
Grines CL, Cox DA, Stone GW, et al. Coronary angioplasty with or without stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1949–1956.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brodie, B.R. (2002). Primary Angioplasty (POBA) vs Thrombolysis. In: Tcheng, J.E. (eds) Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-155-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-155-8_4
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-6248-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-155-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive