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Hormone Therapy in Breast and Prostate Cancer pp 83–131Cite as

The Effects of Triphenylethylene Antiestrogens on Parameters of Multistage Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat

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Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Abstract

Knowledge of environmental factors that are causative of human cancer has been gained primarily from epidemiologic studies. Since neoplastic disease occurs spontaneously in lower mammals and can be induced in at least one species by virtually all of the agents shown to be carcinogenic by epidemiologic studies (1), animals may be appropriate counterparts for the assessment of human disease. Since the earliest studies demonstrating the chemical induction of cancer in mice and rats, the use of such rodents for determining the carcinogenicity of chemical agents has represented the “gold standard” in classifying an agent as a carcinogen. However, since the numbers of new chemicals entering our environment every year are in the thousands (2), the “gold standard” cannot be applied to every chemical for reasons of expense and time.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

    Yvonne P. Dragan

  2. Departments of Oncology and of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, WI

    Henry C. Pitot

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  1. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Rd. NW Research Bldg. E501, Washington, DC, 20057, USA

    V. Craig Jordan

  2. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals Zeneca Pharmaceutical, Alderly Park, Alderly House, Macclesfield, SK 10 4TF, UK

    Barrington J.A. Furr

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Dragan, Y.P., Pitot, H.C. (2009). The Effects of Triphenylethylene Antiestrogens on Parameters of Multistage Hepatocarcinogenesis in the Rat. In: Jordan, V.C., Furr, B.J. (eds) Hormone Therapy in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-152-7_5

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