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Anthozoan Neurotoxins

  • Chapter
Handbook of Neurotoxicology

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Abstract

Naturally occurring toxins can be exquisitely useful chemical tools in neurobiological research. For instance, using an Indian arrow poison extract (curare), the French physiologist Claude Bernard obtained the initial evidence that cells communicate with each other in the nervous system by chemical signals. Also, two potent and highly selective toxins, α-bungarotoxin and tetrodotoxin, served as important chemical tools in first isolating two ion channel membrane proteins, the muscle nicotinic receptor and sodium channel, respectively. A toxin that selectively blocks a particular ion channel can be used to study the physiological and behavioral processes regulated by the channel. Radioisotopically-labeled or fluorescent toxin derivatives can be used to map the distribution of the ion channel, even in different regions within a single cell. In the past decade, these labeled toxins have been extremely valuable probes for identifying new drug leads during high throughput screening of chemical libraries.

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  1. William R. Kem
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  1. The National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA

    Edward J. Massaro

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Kem, W.R. (2002). Anthozoan Neurotoxins. In: Massaro, E.J. (eds) Handbook of Neurotoxicology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-132-9_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-132-9_25

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

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