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Cytokines and Autoimmune Diseases pp 119–141Cite as

CD1d-Restricted NK T Cells and Autoimmunity

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Abstract

Autoimmune diseases are disorders of complex etiology, involving environmental triggers interacting with a polygenic susceptibility background. Genetic studies demonstrate that a combinatorial admixture of susceptibility and protective genes influences development of disease (1). Longitudinal studies on twins or large cohorts of at-risk individuals indicate that many high-risk subjects do not develop overt disease (2, 3). In fact, once the nefarious event initiating these disorders occurs, the subsequent autoimmune diseases are typically characterized by a chronic smoldering inflammation. This is in marked contrast to the tempo of most host-immune responses to infectious agents. Although epigenetic events may explain incomplete penetrance of genetic risk, it is less clear why autoreactive T cells and antibodies are often detectable in the circulation of at-risk relatives as well as in healthy human leukocyte antigne (HLA)-matched controls that never go on to develop disease (4). The same is true in animal models of autoimmunity, where a significant fraction of the animals in a homogeneous colony remain disease-free despite prominent evidence of autorecognition (5–7). These observations suggest that the presence of autoreactive T cells and antibodies are not sufficient to confer disease but that additional immune abnormalities must occur to result in disease.

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Authors
  1. Mark Exley
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  2. S. Brian Wilson
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Vijay K. Kuchroo DVM, PhD , David A. Hafler MD  & Lindsay B. Nicholson PhD, MB ,  & 

  2. Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Nora Sarvetnick PhD

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© 2002 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

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Exley, M., Wilson, S.B. (2002). CD1d-Restricted NK T Cells and Autoimmunity. In: Kuchroo, V.K., Sarvetnick, N., Hafler, D.A., Nicholson, L.B. (eds) Cytokines and Autoimmune Diseases. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-129-9_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-129-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-89603-856-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-129-9

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