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Clinical and Forensic Drug Toxicology

Analysis of Illicit and Abused Drugs in Urine by Capillary Electrophoresis

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Book cover Clinical and Forensic Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis

Part of the book series: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ((PLM))

Abstract

Clinical and forensic toxicology is concerned with the detection, identification, and measurement of toxic compounds and their metabolites in human body fluids and tissues. Most often the toxic compounds are drugs taken either accidentally or intentionally in quantities sufficient to cause an adverse reaction or death. Analysis and identification of a possible drug or drug combinations, toxicological drug screening and confirmation should encompass as many different classes of drugs as possible. The most important classes being salicylate, paracetamol, antiepileptics, antidepressants, neuroleptics, hypnotics (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, diphenhydramine), digoxin, and theophylline, as well as many illicit drugs, such as opiates, methadone, D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), cocaine, and/or its major metabolite benzoylecgonine, cannabinoids and amphetamines. Currently, urinary drug monitoring has established itself as the basis of clinical and forensic toxicology. It is also the method of choice for drug testing of employees at the workplace, athletes at sports events (such as the Olympics), and patients in drug-substitution programs. Since positive urine tests for an illegal drug can result in severe penalties and drastically change the life of the presumed abuser, urine drug testing must be as free from error as possible. Positive results from an initial screening process should always be confirmed by another method that is more selective and possibly also more sensitive than that used for rapid screening. Furthermore, monitoring of drugs and metabolites in urine is a useful approach for the assessment of drug metabolism and to investigate the patient’s compliance.

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Authors
  1. Wolfgang Thormann
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  2. Jitka Caslavska
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  1. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    John R. Petersen  & Amin A. Mohammad  & 

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Thormann, W., Caslavska, J. (2001). Clinical and Forensic Drug Toxicology. In: Petersen, J.R., Mohammad, A.A. (eds) Clinical and Forensic Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-120-6_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-120-6_19

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