Skip to main content

Nutrition and Infection

  • Chapter
Infectious Disease in the Aging

Part of the book series: Infectious Disease ((ID))

Abstract

Nutritional factors have been suggested to mediate, at least in part, the immune dysfunction and increased risk of infection common in older adults (1,2). A variety of nutrients directly and indirectly influence immune function and presumably infection risk (see Fig. 1 from ref. [3]). However, few nutritional interventions have as yet shown clear clinical benefits. This chapter examines the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of malnutrition in elderly adults and summarizes the currently available data regarding the role of nutritional supplements in the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases in the elderly.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bell, R. A. and High, K. P. (1997) Alterations of immune defense mechanisms in the elderly: the role of nutrition. Infect. Med. 14, 415–424.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lesourd, B., Mazari, L., and Ferry, M. (1998) The role of nutrition in immunity in the aged. Nutr. Rev. 56, S113 - S125.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Meydani, S. N. (1990) Dietary modulation of cytokine production and biologic function. Nutr. Rev. 48, 361–369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Singh, M. A. and Rosenberg, I. H. (1999) Nutrition and aging, in Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology ( Hazzard,W. R., Blass, J. P., Ettinger, Jr., et al., eds.), McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 81–96.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Morley, J. E., Mooradian, A. D., and Silver, A. J. (1988) Nutrition in the elderly. Ann. Intern. Med. 109, 890–905.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Morley, J. E., Silver, A. J., Miller, D. K., et al. (1989) The anorexia of the elderly. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 575, 50–58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Constans,T., Bacq, Y., Bréchot, J.-F., et al. (1992) Protein-energy malnutrition in elderly medical patients. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 40, 263–268.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rudman, D. and Feller, A. G. (1989) Protein-calorie undernutrition in the nursing home. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 37, 173–183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Volkert, D., Kruse, W., Oster, P., et al. (1992) Malnutrition in geriatric patients: diagnostic and prognostic significance of nutritional parameters. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 36, 97–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sullivan, D. H. and Walls, R. C. (1995) The risk of life-threatening complications in a select population of geriatric patients: the impact of nutritional status. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 14, 29–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sullivan, D. H., Sun, S., and Walls, R. C. (1999) Protein-energy undernutrition among elderly hospitalized patients. A prospective study. JAMA 281, 2013–2019.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wilson, M. G., Caswani, S., Liu, D., et al. (1998) Prevalence and causes of undernutrition in medical outpatients. Am. J. Med. 104, 56–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Azais-Braesco, V., Moriniere, C., Guesne, B., et al. (1995) Vitamin A status in the institutionalized elderly. Critical analysis of four evaluation criteria: dietary vitamin A intake, serum retinol, relative dose-response test (RDR) and impression cytology with transfer (ICT). Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 65, 151–161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Semba, R. D., Muhilal, Scott, A. L., et al. (1994) Effect of vitamin A supplementation on immunoglobulin G subclass responses to tetanus toxoid in children. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 1, 172–175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gloth, F. M., Gundberg, C. M., Hollis, B. W., et al. (1995) Vitamin D deficiency in homebound elderly persons. JAMA 274, 1683–1686.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Fata, F. T., Herzlich, B. C., Schiffman, G., et al. (1996) Impaired antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide in elderly patients with low serum vitamin B12 levels. Ann. Intern. Med. 124, 299–304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chandra, R. K. (1992) Effect of vitamin and trace-element supplementation on immune responses and infection in elderly subjects. Lancet 340, 1124–1127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Meydani, S. N., Meydani, M., Blumberg, J. B., et al. (1997) Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 277, 1380–1386.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Prasad, A. S., Fitzgerald, J. T., Hess, J. W., et al. (1993) Zinc deficiency in elderly patients. Nutrition 9, 218–224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Barrocas, A., Belcher, D., Champagne, C., et al. (1995) Nutrition assessment practical approaches. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 11, 675–713.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Pike, J. and Chandra, R. K. (1995) Effect of vitamin and trace element supplementation on immune indices in healthy elderly. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. 65, 117–120.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Penn, N. D., Purkins, L., Kelleher, J., et al. (1991) The effect of dietary supplementation with Vitamins A, C and E on cell-mediated immune function in elderly long-stay patients: a randomized controlled trial. Age Aging 20, 169–174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bogden, J. D., Bendich, A., Kemp, F. W., et al. (1994) Daily micronutrient supplements enhance delayed-hypersensitivity skin test responses in older people. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 437–447.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chandra, R. K., Joshi, P., Au, B., et al. (1982) Nutrition and immunocompetence of the elderly: effect of short-term nutritional supplementation on cell-mediated immunity and lymphocyte subsets. Nutr. Res. 2, 223–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chavance, M., Herbeth, B., Lemoine, A., et al. (1993) Does multivitamin supplementation prevent infections in healthy elderly subjects? A controlled trial. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 63, 11–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Roebothan, B. V. and Chandra, R. K. (1994) Relationship between nutritional status and immune function of elderly people. Age Aging 23, 49–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bogden, D., Oleske, J. M., Lavenhar, M. A., et al. (1988) Zinc and immunocompetence in elderly people: Effects of zinc supplementation for 3 months. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 48, 655–663.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bogden, J. D., Oleske, J. M., Lavenhar, M. A., et al. (1990) Effects of one year of supplementation with zinc and other micronutrients on cellular immunity in the elderly. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 9, 214–225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fortes, C., Forastiere, F., Agabiti, N., et al. (1998) The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 46, 19–26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Remarque, E. J., Witkakmp. L., Masurel, N., et al. (1993) Zinc supplementation does not enhance antibody formation to influenza virus vaccine in the elderly. Aging Immunol. Infect. Dis. 4, 17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Wagner, P. A., Jernigan, J. A., Bailey, L. B., et al. (1983) Zinc nutriture and cell-mediated immunity in the aged. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 53, 94–101.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Cossack, Z. T. (1989) T-lymphocyte dysfunction in the elderly associated with zinc deficiency and subnormal nucleoside phosphorylase activity: effect of zinc supplementation. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 25, 973–976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Duchateau, J., Delepesse, G., Vrijens, R., et al. (1981) Beneficial effects of oral zinc supplementation on the immune response of old people. Am. J. Med. 70, 1001–1004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Meydani, S. N., Barklung, M. P., Siu, S., et al. (1990) Vitamin E supplementation enhances cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 557–563.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Meydani, S. N., Leka, L., and Loszewski, R. (1994) Long term vitamin E supplementation enhances immune response in healthy elderly. FASEB J. 8, A272.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Watson, R. R., Probhala, R. H., Plezia, P. M., et al. (1991) Effect of beta-carotene on lymphocyte subpopulations in elderly humans: evidence for a dose-response effect. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 90–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Murphy, S., West, K. P. J., Greenough, W. B., et al. (1992) Impact of vitamin A supplementation on the incidence of infection in elderly nursing-home residents: a randomized controlled trial. Age Aging 21, 435–439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Proust, J., Moulias, R., Fumeron, F., et al. (1982) HLA and longevity. Tissue Antigens 19, 168–173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kennes, B., Dumont, I., Brohee, D., et al. (1983) Effect of vitamin C supplementation on cell-mediated immunity in old people. Gerontology 29, 305–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ziemlanski, S., Wartanowicz, M., Panczenko-Kresowska, B., et al. (1986) The effects of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol supplementation on serum proteins and immunoglobulin concentrations in the elderly. Nutr. Int. 2, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Meydani, S. N., Hayek, M., and Coleman, L. (1992) Influence of Vitamins E and B6 on immune response. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 669, 125–139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Girodon, F., Lombard, M., Galan, P., et al. (1997) Effect of micronutrient supplementation on infection in institutionalized elderly subjects: a controlled trial. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 41, 98–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Posner, B. M., Jette, A. M., and Smith, M. A. (1993) Nutrition and health risks in the elderly: the nutrition screening initiative. Am. J. Public Health 83, 972–978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Semba, R. D. (1998) The role of vitamin A and related retinoids in immune function. Nutr. Rev. 56, S38 — S48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Santos, M. S., Meydani, S. N., Leka, L., et al. (1996) Natural killer cell activity in elderly men is enhanced by beta-carotene supplementation. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 64, 772–777.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (1994) The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 1029–1035.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Omenn, G. S., Goodman, G., Thornquist, M., et al. (1996) Effects of combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 334, 1150–1155.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hunt, C., Chakravorty, N. K., Annan, G., et al. (1994) The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 64, 212–219.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wilkinson, E. A. J. and Hawke, C. I. (1998) Does oral zinc aid the healing of chronic leg ulcers? Arch. Dermatol. 134, 1556–1560.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Riquelme, R., Torres, A., El-Ebiary, M., et al. (1997) Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly. Clinical and nutritional aspects. Am. J. Respir. Care Med. 156, 1908–1914.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Woo, J., Ho, S. C., Mak, Y. T., et al. (1994) Nutritional status of elderly patients during recovery from chest infection and the role of nutritional supplementation assessed by a prospective randomized single-blind trial. Age Aging 23, 40–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

High, K.P. (2001). Nutrition and Infection. In: Yoshikawa, T.T., Norman, D.C. (eds) Infectious Disease in the Aging. Infectious Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-026-1_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-026-1_24

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-5459-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-026-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics