Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabara (L.), G. uralensis, G. palidiflora, licorice, Spanish licorice, Russian licorice (Anonymous, 1998)
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abe N, Ebina T, Ishida N. Interferon induction by glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid in mice. Microbiol Immunol 1982; 26: 535–9.
Akamatsu H, Komura J, Asada Y, Niwa Y. Mechanism of antiinflammatory action of glycyrrhizin: effect on neutrophil functions incuding reactive oxygen species generation. Planta Med 1991; 57: 119–21.
Anonymous. Licorice. The review of natural products. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
Arase Y, Ikeda K, Murashima N, Chayama K, Tsubota A, Koida I, et al. The long term efficacy of glycyrrhizin in chronic hepatitis C patients. Cancer 1987; 79: 1494–500.
Baba M, Shigeta S. Antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin against varicella-zoster virus in vitro. Antiviral Res 1987; 7: 99–107.
Blumenthal, M. Popular herbs in the U.S. market. Licorice root. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council, 1997.
Blumenthal M. Licorice root. The complete German Commission E monographs. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council, 1998.
Brayley J, Jones J. Life-threatening hypokalemia associated with excessive licorice ingestion. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 617–8.
Bryer-Ash M, Zehnder J, Angelchik P, Maisel A. Torsades de pointes precipitated by a Chinese herbal remedy. Am J Cardiol 1987; 60: 1186–7.
Cantelli-Forti G, Maffei F, Hrelia F, Bugamelli F, Bernandi P, D’Intino P, et al. Interaction of licorice on glycyrrhizin pharmacokinetics. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102 (Suppl 9): 65–8.
Chen M, Christensen SB, Blom J, Lemmich E, Nadelmann L, Fich K, et al. Licochalcone A, a novel antiparasitic agent with potent activity against human pathogenic protozoan species of Leishmania. Antimicrob Agent Chemother 1993; 37: 2550–6.
Davis EA, Morris DJ. Medicinal uses of licorice through the milennia: the good and plenty of it. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 78: 1–6.
De Groot G, Koops R. Improvement of selectivity and sensitivity by column switching in the determination of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1988; 456: 71–81.
De Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis MG, Beutler JJ. Hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum. Br Med J 1997; 314: 731–2.
Eisenburg J. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Part 2: Effect of glycyrrhizic acid on the course of illness. Fortschr Med 1992; 110: 395–8.
Epstein MT, Espiner EA, Donald RA, Hughes H. Effect of eating liquorice on the reninangiotensin aldosterone axis in normal subjects. Br Med J 1977; 1: 488–90.
Farese RV, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CHL, Irony I, Gomez-Fontes R. Licorice-induced hypermineralcorticoidism. New Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1223–7.
Forslund T, Fyhrquist F, Froseth B, Tikkanen I. Effects of licorice on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in healthy volunteers. J Intern Med 1989; 225: 95–9.
Gunnarsdottir S, Johannesson T. Glycyrrhetic acid in human blood after ingestion of glycyrrhizic acid in licorice. Pharmacol Toxicol 1997; 81: 300–2.
Haraguchi H, Tanimoto K, Yamura Y, Mizutani K, Kinoshita T. Mode of antibacterial action of tertrochalcones from Glycyrrhiza inflata. Phytochemistry 1998; 48: 125–9.
Hattori M, Sakamoto T, Kobas K, Namba T. Metabolism of glycyrrhizin by human intestinal flora. Planta Med 1983; 48: 38–42.
Hattori T, Ikematsu S, Koito A, Matsushita S, Maeda Y, Hada M, et al. Preliminary evidence for inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on HIV replication in patients with AIDS. Antiviral Res 1989; 11: 255–62.
Inoue H, Moir T, Shibata S, Koshihara Y. Modulation by glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives of TPA-induced mouse ear oedema. Br J Pharmacol 1989; 96: 204–10.
Inoue H, Inoue K, Takeuchi T, Nagata N, Shibata S. Inhibition of rat acute inflammatory paw oedema by dihemiphthalate of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives: comparison with glycyrrhetinic acid. J Pharm Pharmacol 1993; 45: 1067–71.
Itoh M, Asakawa N, Hashimoto Y, Ishibashi M, Miyazaki H. Quantitative analysis of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid in plasma after administration of FM-100 by using gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring. Yakugaku Zasshi 1985; 105: 1150–4.
Kanaoka M, Yano S, Kato H, Nakada T, Kawamura K. Studies on the enzyme immunoassay of bio-acitve constituents contained in oriental medicinal drugs. IV. Enzyme immunoassay of glycyrretic acid. Chem Pharmaceut Bull 1985a; 36: 8–14.
Kanaoka M, Yano S, Kato H. Preparation of [3H]-3 (3-hydroxy-18(3- and 3a-hydroxy-1813 and a-glycyrrhetic acid and radioimmunoassay of glycyrrhetic acid. Chem Pharmaceut Bull 1985b; 36: 3264–70.
Kato H, Kanaoka M, Yano S, Kobayashi M. 3-Monoglucuronyl-glycyrrhetinic acid is a major metabolite that causes licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 1929–33.
Krahenbuhl S, Hasler F, Frey BM, Frey FJ, Brenneisen R, Krapf R. Kinetics and dynamics of orally administered 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994a; 78: 581–5.
Krahenbuhl S, Hasler F, Krapf R. Analysis and pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid in humans and experimental animals Steroids 1994b; 59: 121–6.
Kroes BH, Beukelman CJ, Van den Berg AJJ, Wolbink GJ, Van Dijk H, Labadie RP. Inhibition of human complement by 13-glycyrrhetinic acid. Immunology 1997; 90: 115–20.
Lewis J. Carbenoxolone sodium in the treatment of peptic ulcer. JAMA 1974; 229: 460–2.
Nakashima H, Matsui T. A new anti-human immunodeficiency virus substance, glycyrrhizin sulfate: endowment of glycyrrhizin with reverse transcriptase-inhibitory activity by chemical modification. Jpn J Cancer Res 1987; 11: 225–61.
Numazaki K, Umetsu M, Chiba S. Effect of glycyrrhizin in children with liver dysfunction associated with cytomegalovirus infection. Tohoku J Exp Med 1994; 172: 147–53.
Parke DV, Poilock S, Williams RT. The fate of tritium-labelled (3-glycyrrhetic acid in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1963; 15: 500–6.
Russel FG, van Uum S, Tan Y, Smits P. Solid-phase extraction of I 8beta-glycyrretinic acid from plasma and subsequent analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1998; 710: 223–6.
Saito T, Tsuboi Y, Fujisawa G, Sakuma N, Honda K, Okada K, et al. An autopsy case of licorice-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis associated with acute renal failure: special reference to profound calcium deposition in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1994; 36: 1308–14.
Stewart PM, Wallace AM, Valentino R, Burt D, Shackleton CHL, Edwards CRW. Mineralocorticoid acitivity of liquorice:) l-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age. Lancet 1987;ii:821–3.
Utsunomiya T, Kobayashi M, Pollard RB, Suzuki F. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of licorice roots, reduces morbidity and mortality of mice infected with lethal doses of influenza virus. Antimicrob Agent Chemother 1997; 41: 551–5.
Wang P, Li SF, Lee KIL Determination of glycyrrhizic acid and 18-beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in biological fluids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998; 811: 219–24.
Yamamura Y, Kawakami J, Santa T, Kotaki H, Uchino K, Sawada Y, et al. Pharmacokinetic profile of glycyrrhizin in healthy volunteers by a new high-performance liquid chromatographic method. J Pharmaceut Sci 1982; 81: 1042–1046.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Newton, M., Cupp, M.J. (2000). Licorice. In: Cupp, M.J. (eds) Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology of Herbal Products. Forensic Science and Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-020-9_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-020-9_21
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-190-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-020-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive