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Principles of Molecular Rheumatology pp 15–33Cite as

Viruses

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Part of the book series: Current Molecular Medicine ((CMM,volume 1))

Abstract

Viruses are considered as key environmental factors that may cause inflammatory arthritis and autoimmune diseases in genetically susceptible hosts. Viruses can elicit acute or subacute and, less often, chronic forms of arthritis. These viral arthritis syndromes can be diagnosed by recognition of well-defined clinical signs and detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids. Moreover, viral elements may also play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The concordance rate of the most common autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in monozygotic twins is about 25% (1). Although these data show that genetic factors influence susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, alternatively, a 70% discordance rate emphasizes the importance of environmental factors. Forensic studies of archeological sites revealed the presence of RA-like erosive bony changes in pre-Columbian New World populations dating back 6500 yr and the absence of RA in the Old World before the 18th century (2). This geographic distribution suggest that RA may have spread from the Americas through environmental factors, possibly by a virus, another microorganism, or an antigen. The potential etiological role of viruses in chronic rheumatic diseases have been recently reviewed (3).

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  1. Andras Perl
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    George C. Tsokos MD

  2. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA

    George C. Tsokos MD

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Perl, A. (2000). Viruses. In: Tsokos, G.C. (eds) Principles of Molecular Rheumatology. Current Molecular Medicine, vol 1. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-018-6_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-018-6_2

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-182-0

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