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Pathology of Bone, Skeletal Muscle, and Tooth

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Abstract

The musculoskeletal system provides vital functions such as protection of fragile tissues, support, contribution to mineral homeostasis, and locomotion. In this chapter, we cover toxicologic pathology of importance to the nonpathologist in three major tissues comprising this system: bone and joints, skeletal muscle, and teeth. This chapter reviews the anatomy, physiology, and histology of these tissues. Best practices for study design, tissue collection and handling, and special procedures and ancillary evaluations such as biomarkers and imaging modalities are addressed. Common background lesions in nonclinical species are presented and mechanisms of toxicity and response to injury are discussed. Finally, types of animal models, risk assessment considerations, and determination of adversity are examined.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. John Vahle for his review of the bone and joint section of this chapter and David Sabio for preparation of Fig. 1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abbvie, Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA

    Stacey L. Fossey

  2. Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    D. Greg Hall

  3. Covance Laboratories, Inc., Chantilly, VA, USA

    Andrew W. Suttie

  4. Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Senneville, QC, Canada

    Martin Guillot & Aurore Varela

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  1. Stacey L. Fossey
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  2. D. Greg Hall
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  4. Martin Guillot
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Correspondence to Stacey L. Fossey .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. North Carolina Laboratory, Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Durham, NC, USA

    Thomas J. Steinbach

  2. Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Mattawan, MI, USA

    Daniel J. Patrick

  3. MEC Regulatory and Toxicology Consulting, LLC, Moorpark, CA, USA

    Mary Ellen Cosenza

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Fossey, S.L., Hall, D.G., Suttie, A.W., Guillot, M., Varela, A. (2019). Pathology of Bone, Skeletal Muscle, and Tooth. In: Steinbach, T., Patrick, D., Cosenza, M. (eds) Toxicologic Pathology for Non-Pathologists. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9777-0_14

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