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Dynamics of MicroRNA Biogenesis

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Biophysics of RNA-Protein Interactions

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs (~22 nt) that play important gene-regulatory functions in nearly all biological processes in eukaryotic organisms. Mature miRNAs are loaded into an Argonaute (Ago) protein effector and guide the nucleoprotein complex to recognize and silence target RNAs post-transcriptionally. This chapter outlines our current understanding of miRNA biogenesis from its initial transcription to the processing by the microprocessor in the nucleus, to the nuclear export and the cytoplasmic maturation by the endoribonuclease Dicer. This book chapter focuses on recent biophysical and single-molecule studies that have revealed important molecular bases and dynamic processes governing the biogenesis of microRNA with an unprecedented high spatiotemporal resolution, thus, uncovering hidden steps and intermediate conformations that are difficult to obtain using conventional approaches.

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Acknowledgements

I thank Chirlmin Joo and Joe Trapani laboratory members for their help, support, and the insightful discussions. This work was supported by the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [SPE20120523964 to Mohamed Fareh]; and the Zero Childhood Cancer initiative in Australia led by Prof. Michelle Haber (executive director, Children’s Cancer Institute, Sydney, Australia) and Prof. Joe Trapani (head of Cancer Immunotherapy program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia).

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  1. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305, Grattan St, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia

    Mohamed Fareh

  2. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia

    Mohamed Fareh

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  1. Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands

    Chirlmin Joo

  2. Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK

    David Rueda

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Fareh, M. (2019). Dynamics of MicroRNA Biogenesis. In: Joo, C., Rueda, D. (eds) Biophysics of RNA-Protein Interactions. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9726-8_10

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