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Cardiorenal Acute Kidney Injury: Epidemiology, Presentation, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Treatment

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Core Concepts in Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease and major cardiovascular events represent the main cause of death in both acute and chronic kidney disease patients.

Kidney and heart failure are common and frequently coexist; this organ-organ interaction, also called organ cross talk, leads to a well-known definition of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Here, we’ll describe cardiovascular involvement in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Also known as type-3 CRS or acute reno-cardiac CRS, it occurs when AKI contributes to and/or precipitates the development of acute cardiac injury.

AKI may directly or indirectly produce an acute cardiac event, and it can be associated to volume overload, metabolic acidosis, and electrolyte disorders such as hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia; coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and fibrosis have been also described in patients with AKI with consequent direct negative effects on cardiac performance.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Renal Research Institute, S.Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy

    Claudio Ronco

  2. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi-Delfino Hospital, Colleferro, Italy

    Luca Di Lullo

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  1. Claudio Ronco
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  2. Luca Di Lullo
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Sushrut S. Waikar

  2. University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Patrick T. Murray

  3. Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Ajay K. Singh

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Ronco, C., Di Lullo, L. (2018). Cardiorenal Acute Kidney Injury: Epidemiology, Presentation, Causes, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. In: Waikar, S., Murray, P., Singh, A. (eds) Core Concepts in Acute Kidney Injury. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8628-6_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8628-6_17

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