The Importance of US Military Cultural Competence

Abstract

Those who serve in the military represent a distinct cultural group whose perceptions of illness and treatment are often influenced by factors specific to military service. This chapter explores the unique influences military service can have on care. These cultural and subcultural influences come from groups including active duty members from a variety of jobs and branches, veterans, reservists, guard members, and family members. While an appreciation for the complexity of military culture is important, ultimately it is the act of asking about military service that facilitates culturally competent care. The use of questions, as supported by the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview, transcends the temptation to associate an entire group with a generic cultural identity. Subcultures, including those of different ranks, services, and occupations, can be a large part of the patient’s military cultural identity. Veterans, who may have been in the military for a short time in the distant past, often hold the military as their primary source of identity. Military families are also influenced by military culture and should be asked about any potential influences military life might have on their care. Extensive clinical resources are included.