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Human Brain Imaging in HIV and NeuroAIDS

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Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS

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Abstract

The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly decreased the severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and increased the life expectancy of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population. Nevertheless, patients still show persistent neurocognitive disorders due to associated structural and functional brain changes. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the significance of brain neuroimaging techniques and biomarkers in understanding the pathophysiology related to HIV infection and HAND. These imaging modalities include volumetric (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and perfusion MRI. The authors predict that with neuroimaging advances at the molecular level, it will soon be the noninvasive gold standard in brain pathology diagnosis.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Neuroradiology Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Park 367G, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Mona A. Mohamed MD, PhD, MEHP, MPH

Authors
  1. Mona A. Mohamed MD, PhD, MEHP, MPH
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mona A. Mohamed MD, PhD, MEHP, MPH .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Paul Shapshak

  2. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Andrew J. Levine

  3. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    Brian T. Foley

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  5. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Elyse Singer

  6. Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    John T. Sinnott

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Mohamed, M.A. (2017). Human Brain Imaging in HIV and NeuroAIDS. In: Shapshak, P., et al. Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7290-6_6

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