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Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS pp 939–951Cite as

HIV-1 Envelope (ENV) GP160 Trimer Protein Complex SPIKE as a Recombinant Macromolecular Assembly Vaccine Component Candidate: Current Opinion

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Abstract

The development of an HIV-1/AIDS vaccine has posed great challenges over the last two decades to the international scientific community. The synthesis of a viable vaccine component has gained momentum in recent years after several learning stories with partial success. The moderate efficacy showed by RV144 (ENV-gp120, Gag and Pro) vaccine (Thai trial vaccine) in clinical trials provided impetus to the study during the last decade. The technological challenge in the production of the viral spike as a viable vaccine component is realized since the conclusion of the Thai trial (2009). The results from the NIAID-sponsored South African HVTN 702 (ALVAC-HIV + subtype C gp120/MF59 2700) trial are awaited. The HIV-1 envelope spike [ENV GP160 trimer complex] is being exploited as a promising vaccine candidate in recent years. A number of knowledge points on the viral spike are now available using data derived from several disciplines of biotechnology. The production of a native conformation of the HIV-1 ENV GP160 trimer SPIKE with appropriate glycosylation taking into consideration about 39,000 variants of known GP160 sequences among known subtypes (as available at the LANL database) is found to be nontrivial. The known HIV-1 ENV GP160 trimer SPIKE electron microscopy structure at 4.19 Å resolution shows nine interfaces with three different types. Their characteristic features are interesting towards the development of a stable yet effective trimer complex. The GP41-GP41 and GP41-GP120 interfaces are characteristics of equal polar to non-polar residues, and the GP120-GP120 interfaces are predominantly polar in nature. These data find application in the development of an immunologically viable vaccine component.

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Acknowledgement

We wish to express our sincere appreciation to all members of Biomedical Informatics (P) Ltd., India, and VIT University, India, for several discussions on the subject of this article. We acknowledge the international scientific, governmental, policy and pharmaceutical communities for providing a plethora of data for gleaning knowledge on HIV-1 envelope spike [ENV GP160 (GP120/GP41)] over the last couple of decades. This research is funded by Biomedical Informatics (P) Ltd.

Conflict of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedial Informatics (P) Ltd., 17A Iurlan Sandy Annex, Puducherry, 607 402, India

    Christina Nilofer & Pandjassarame Kangueane

  2. School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632 014, Tamilnadu, India

    Christina Nilofer & Arumugam Mohanapriya

Authors
  1. Christina Nilofer
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  2. Arumugam Mohanapriya
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  3. Pandjassarame Kangueane
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pandjassarame Kangueane .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Paul Shapshak

  2. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Andrew J. Levine

  3. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    Brian T. Foley

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  5. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Elyse Singer

  6. Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    John T. Sinnott

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Nilofer, C., Mohanapriya, A., Kangueane, P. (2017). HIV-1 Envelope (ENV) GP160 Trimer Protein Complex SPIKE as a Recombinant Macromolecular Assembly Vaccine Component Candidate: Current Opinion. In: Shapshak, P., et al. Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7290-6_36

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