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Central Nervous System Tuberculosis

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Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are, respectively, the number one and number two causes of infectious deaths worldwide. The relationship between these two microorganisms is unique, due to the synergistic ability of each disease to reactivate and accelerate the progression of the other. Through discussion of their general pathophysiology and the specific role of the human cellular immune response, four mechanisms will be delineated to further elaborate this challenging phenomenon.

Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS) is a clinical entity particularly suited to illustrate this synergy. It can manifest as either meningitis or as discrete cerebral foci causing a clinical mass effect. A high index of suspicion and quite often empiric treatment is warranted in the coinfected patient to prevent the development and progression of significant neurologic sequelae.

Examination of the challenges faced in controlling the spread of this disease will help to elucidate areas of research that can mitigate the effect that TB and HIV combined have on morbidity and mortality globally.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease & International Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 1 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA

    Beata Casanas DO, FACP, FIDSA, Douglas Holt MD, FACP & Kelly Kynaston DO

Authors
  1. Beata Casanas DO, FACP, FIDSA
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  2. Douglas Holt MD, FACP
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  3. Kelly Kynaston DO
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beata Casanas DO, FACP, FIDSA .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Paul Shapshak

  2. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Andrew J. Levine

  3. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    Brian T. Foley

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  5. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Elyse Singer

  6. Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    John T. Sinnott

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Casanas, B., Holt, D., Kynaston, K. (2017). Central Nervous System Tuberculosis. In: Shapshak, P., et al. Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7290-6_26

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