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Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS pp 579–599Cite as

Clinical Relevance of Humanized Mice

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Abstract

Mice have been used in basic science research over decades as small in vivo models to study human immunity and disease. Despite their shortcomings, they have yielded valuable information that lead to the development of effective therapies against cancer and other infectious diseases. However, the appearance of HIV in the 1980s posed a major challenge; the virus only targeted human CD4 T cells, thus rendering mouse models not useful to study the disease. In the late 1980s, researchers at various institutions began developing chimeric mouse models. Immunodeficient mice were transplanted with human immune cells or hematopoietic tissues that gave rise to chimeric mice that carried a somewhat functional human immune system. These early chimeric animals proved quite valuable in the study of HIV pathogenesis and latency. However, the lack of peripheral reconstitution limited the scope of many studies. During the past few years, more advanced models have been developed. The new chimeric animals have been peripherally reconstituted with most if not all lineage cells of the human immune system. As such, humanized mice were no longer used only for HIV but also for other diseases including cancer. Here, we will discuss the older and newer systems and examine their relevance in the development of new and effective therapies against disease.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH grants, R21DA031036 (DNV), R21 AI106472 (DNV), and T32HL086345 (RSR). The authors report no conflicts.

Conflict of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Rachel Samantha Resop & Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis

  2. UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Rachel Samantha Resop, Irene Jane Kim, Huy Nguyen & Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis

  3. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Irene Jane Kim & Huy Nguyen

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  1. Rachel Samantha Resop
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  2. Irene Jane Kim
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  3. Huy Nguyen
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  4. Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis
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Correspondence to Dimitrios Nikolaos Vatakis .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Paul Shapshak

  2. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Andrew J. Levine

  3. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    Brian T. Foley

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  5. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Elyse Singer

  6. Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    John T. Sinnott

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Resop, R.S., Kim, I.J., Nguyen, H., Vatakis, D.N. (2017). Clinical Relevance of Humanized Mice. In: Shapshak, P., et al. Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7290-6_22

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