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Socioepidemiology of Injection Drug Users in Miami and HIV-1B Envelope (V1–V5) Genetic Diversity: A Preliminary Study

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Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS

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Abstract

Injection drug use is a major risk behavior associated with transmission of HIV-1B. Yet, despite its importance there have not been many detailed studies characterizing the transmission of HIV-1B in well-defined injection drug use networks. This preliminary study characterized people who were closely associated and injected drugs together under private circumstances compared to those who injected drugs in a context of public risk locales with many injectors in attendance. In this study, we examined networks of HIV-1B seropositive injection drug users (IDUs). We wished to ascertain whether socioepidemiological connections and relationships (including IDU and sexual) among individuals who inject drugs would be reflected in the molecular relatedness and clustering of their HIV-1B nucleotide and protein sequences – specifically hypervariable domains (V1–V5) of the HIV-1B envelope (env) gene. We wished to learn if there was a link between subject socioepidemiology and viral sequence diversity, phylogenetic relationships, signatures, thermodynamics, and glycosylation patterns. This chapter addresses whether in risk locales where many people inject together, there are variations in probability of relatedness of HIV-1B env sequences. In addition, it is pointed out that IDU behaviors are associated with psychiatric morbidities.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For comparison, the average risks for HCV and HBV infections are 1.8 per 100 and 6–30 per 100 needlestick or cutaneous cut exposures, respectively [53]. 

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Acknowledgments

Support for this work included NIH Grants from NIDA (NIH, Bethesda, MD) (PS, DS, CMcC, and JBP).

Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampa General Hospital, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA

    Paul Shapshak PhD

  2. Theoretical Division, MS K710, T-10, HIV Databases, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA

    Brian T. Foley PhD

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India

    Seetharaman Balaji MSc, PhD

  4. Department of Bioinformatics, College of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, 55401, USA

    David M. Segal PhD

  5. Department of Epidemiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Clyde McCoy PhD & J. Bryan Page PhD

  6. Comprehensive Drug Research Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Clyde McCoy PhD & J. Bryan Page PhD

  7. Department of Anthropology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33133, USA

    J. Bryan Page PhD

  8. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    J. Bryan Page PhD

Authors
  1. Paul Shapshak PhD
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  2. Brian T. Foley PhD
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  3. Seetharaman Balaji MSc, PhD
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  4. David M. Segal PhD
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  5. Clyde McCoy PhD
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  6. J. Bryan Page PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Shapshak PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Paul Shapshak

  2. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Andrew J. Levine

  3. Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA

    Brian T. Foley

  4. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  5. Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Elyse Singer

  6. Department of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

    John T. Sinnott

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Shapshak, P., Foley, B.T., Balaji, S., Segal, D.M., McCoy, C., Page, J.B. (2017). Socioepidemiology of Injection Drug Users in Miami and HIV-1B Envelope (V1–V5) Genetic Diversity: A Preliminary Study. In: Shapshak, P., et al. Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7290-6_15

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