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Synthetic and Biological Multifunctional Smart Materials Applications to Lower Extremity Gait Systems

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Full Stride

Abstract

This chapter presents a review of ongoing research and development on multifunctional “smart” materials and artificial muscles that may be used for lower extremity gait devices, orthotics, prostheses, and systems. Discussions are presented on fibrous contractile chemomechanical polymeric artificial muscles, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) contractile artificial muscles which are also electrochemically controllable. A brief discussion is also presented on the applications of soft artificial muscles made with ionic biopolymers such as chitosan.

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Abbreviations

C-PAN:

Conductive polyacrylonitrile

CP:

Conductive polymer

FES:

Functional electrical stimulation

Gly-Gly:

Glycylglycine

IBPMC:

Ionic biopolymer metal composite

IPCC:

Ionic polymer conductor composite

IPCNC:

Ionic polymer conductor nanocomposite

IPMNC:

Ionic polymer metal nanocomposite

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PAA-PVA:

Polyacrylic acid-polyvinyl alcohol

PAAM:

Polyacrylic-acid-bis-acrylamide

PAM:

Polyacrylamide

PAMPS:

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane) sulfonic acid

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

PZT:

Lead zirconate titanate

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene difluoride

PVDF-TrFE:

PVDF trifluoroethylene

RSC:

Royal society of chemistry

SMA:

Shape memory alloys

SMP:

Shape memory polymers

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA

    Mohsen Shahinpoor BSc, MSc, PhD

Authors
  1. Mohsen Shahinpoor BSc, MSc, PhD
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Correspondence to Mohsen Shahinpoor BSc, MSc, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA

    Victoria Tepe

  2. Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA

    Charles M. Peterson

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Shahinpoor, M. (2017). Synthetic and Biological Multifunctional Smart Materials Applications to Lower Extremity Gait Systems. In: Tepe, V., Peterson, C. (eds) Full Stride. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7247-0_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7247-0_7

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