Abstract
Nonunions about the ankle are a challenging clinical problem, as normal gait is dependent on the intact structure and function of the ankle joint. Nonunions of the articular surface are at risk for arthritis, while those of the malleoli can affect joint stability. Nonunions of the distal tibial metaphysis, especially those with deformity can affect the mechanical axis of the limb and the function of adjacent joints. There is no one implant or procedure to treat ankle nonunions. Instead, management of this problem requires an application of principles applied to the specific issues of the patient. This chapter will review the evaluation of nonunions with specific discussion of the ankle joint and distal tibia.
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Pugh, K.J. (2018). Distal Tibia and Ankle Nonunions. In: Agarwal, A. (eds) Nonunions. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7178-7_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7178-7_14
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