Skip to main content

Epilepsy Secondary to Specific Mechanisms

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Epilepsy Board Review
  • 2372 Accesses

Abstract

In many cases of adult-onset epilepsy, an etiology is not found. However, thorough investigation may find a cause, which can influence management, shed light on prognosis, and help alleviate both patient and physician uncertainty. Various causes of epilepsy will be discussed, including autoimmune epilepsy, brain tumors, malformations of cortical development, head trauma, stroke, mesial temporal sclerosis, and vascular malformations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Irani SR, Bien CG, Lang B. Autoimmune epilepsies. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24:146–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Quek AM, Britton JW, McKeon A, et al. Autoimmune epilepsy: clinical characteristics and response to immunotherapy. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(5):582–93.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. McKeon A, Pittock SJ. Paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathies: pathology and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol. 2011;122:381–400.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Schmitt SE, Pargeon K, Frechette ES, Hirsch LJ, Dalmau J, Friedman D. Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology. 2012;79(11):1094–100.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Jehi L. Brain Tumors and Epilepsy. In: Wyllie E, editor. Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice (Chap. 28). 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  6. van Breemen MS, Wilms EB, Vecht CJ. Epilepsy in patients with brain tumours: epidemiology, mechanisms, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(5):421–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Glantz MJ, Cole BF, Forsyth PA, et al. Practice parameter: anticonvulsant prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors. Neurology. 2000;10(54):1886–993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Leventer RJ, Guerrini R, Dobyns WB. Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. Dialog Clin Neurosci. 2008;10(1):47–62.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Mirzaa G, Kuzniecky R, Guerrini R. Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. In: Wyllie E, editor. Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice (Chap. 27). 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Blümcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, et al. The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by an ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission. Epilepsia. 2011;52(1):158–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Krsek P, Maton B, Korman B, et al. Different features of histopathological subtypes of pediatric focal cortical dysplasia. Ann Neurol. 2008;63(6):758–69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lerner JT, Salamon N, Hauptman JS, et al. Assessment and surgical outcomes for mild type I and severe type II cortical dysplasia: a critical review and the UCLA experience. Epilepsia. 2009;50(6):1310–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Haltiner AM, Temkin NR, Dikmen SS. Risk of seizure recurrence after the first late posttraumatic seizure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78(8):835–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Coan SP, Rocca WA. A population-based study of seizures after traumatic brain injuries. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(1):20–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Schuele S. Post-traumatic epilepsy (Chap. 29). In: Wyllie E, editor. Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Salinsky M, Spencer D, Boudreau E, Ferguson F. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in US veterans. Neurology. 2011;77(10):945–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Chang BS, Lowenstein DH. Practice parameter: antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 2003;60:10–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Schierhout G, Roberts I. Antiepileptic drugs for preventing seizures following acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;6:CD000173.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hantus S, Friedman N, Pohlmann-Eden B. Epilepsy in the setting of cerebrovascular disease (Chap. 30). In: Wyllie E, editor. Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sykes L, Wood E, Kwan J. Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;1:CD005398.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Benbadis SR, Wallace J, Reed Murtagh F. MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis in subjects without seizures. Seizure. 2002;11(5):340–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Risinger MW, Engel J Jr, Van Ness PC, Henry TR, Crandall PH. Ictal localization of temporal lobe seizures with scalp/sphenoidal recordings. Neurology. 1989;39(10):1288–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ebersole JS, Pacia SV. Localization of temporal lobe foci by ictal EEG patterns. Epilepsia. 1996;37(4):386–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Cendes F. Neuroimaging in investigation of patients with epilepsy. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013;19(3):623–42.

    Google Scholar 

  25. LoPinto-Khoury C, Sperling MR, Skidmore C, et al. Surgical outcome in PET-positive, MRI-negative patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2012;53(2):342–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Van Gompel JJ, Rubio J, Cascino GD, Worrell GA, Meyer FB. Electrocorticography-guided resection of temporal cavernoma: is electrocorticography warranted and does it alter the surgical approach? J Neurosurg. 2009;110(6):1179–85.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Josephson CB, Leach JP, Duncan R, Roberts RC, Counsell CE, Al-Shahi Salman R; SAIVMs steering committee and collaborators. Seizure risk from cavernous or arteriovenous malformations: prospective population-based study. Neurology. 2011;76(18):1548–54.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hon JM, Bhattacharya JJ, Counsell CE, et al. SIVMS collaborators. The presentation and clinical course of intracranial developmental venous anomalies in adults: a systematic review and prospective, population-based study. Stroke. 2009;40(6):1980–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amar Bhatt .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bhatt, A. (2017). Epilepsy Secondary to Specific Mechanisms. In: Koubeissi, M., Azar, N. (eds) Epilepsy Board Review. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6774-2_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6774-2_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6772-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6774-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics