Abstract
In many cases of adult-onset epilepsy, an etiology is not found. However, thorough investigation may find a cause, which can influence management, shed light on prognosis, and help alleviate both patient and physician uncertainty. Various causes of epilepsy will be discussed, including autoimmune epilepsy, brain tumors, malformations of cortical development, head trauma, stroke, mesial temporal sclerosis, and vascular malformations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Irani SR, Bien CG, Lang B. Autoimmune epilepsies. Curr Opin Neurol. 2011;24:146–53.
Quek AM, Britton JW, McKeon A, et al. Autoimmune epilepsy: clinical characteristics and response to immunotherapy. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(5):582–93.
McKeon A, Pittock SJ. Paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathies: pathology and mechanisms. Acta Neuropathol. 2011;122:381–400.
Schmitt SE, Pargeon K, Frechette ES, Hirsch LJ, Dalmau J, Friedman D. Extreme delta brush: a unique EEG pattern in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Neurology. 2012;79(11):1094–100.
Jehi L. Brain Tumors and Epilepsy. In: Wyllie E, editor. Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice (Chap. 28). 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
van Breemen MS, Wilms EB, Vecht CJ. Epilepsy in patients with brain tumours: epidemiology, mechanisms, and management. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(5):421–30.
Glantz MJ, Cole BF, Forsyth PA, et al. Practice parameter: anticonvulsant prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors. Neurology. 2000;10(54):1886–993.
Leventer RJ, Guerrini R, Dobyns WB. Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. Dialog Clin Neurosci. 2008;10(1):47–62.
Mirzaa G, Kuzniecky R, Guerrini R. Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. In: Wyllie E, editor. Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice (Chap. 27). 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
Blümcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, et al. The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by an ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission. Epilepsia. 2011;52(1):158–74.
Krsek P, Maton B, Korman B, et al. Different features of histopathological subtypes of pediatric focal cortical dysplasia. Ann Neurol. 2008;63(6):758–69.
Lerner JT, Salamon N, Hauptman JS, et al. Assessment and surgical outcomes for mild type I and severe type II cortical dysplasia: a critical review and the UCLA experience. Epilepsia. 2009;50(6):1310–35.
Haltiner AM, Temkin NR, Dikmen SS. Risk of seizure recurrence after the first late posttraumatic seizure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78(8):835–40.
Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Coan SP, Rocca WA. A population-based study of seizures after traumatic brain injuries. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(1):20–4.
Schuele S. Post-traumatic epilepsy (Chap. 29). In: Wyllie E, editor. Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
Salinsky M, Spencer D, Boudreau E, Ferguson F. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in US veterans. Neurology. 2011;77(10):945–50.
Chang BS, Lowenstein DH. Practice parameter: antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 2003;60:10–6.
Schierhout G, Roberts I. Antiepileptic drugs for preventing seizures following acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;6:CD000173.
Hantus S, Friedman N, Pohlmann-Eden B. Epilepsy in the setting of cerebrovascular disease (Chap. 30). In: Wyllie E, editor. Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2011.
Sykes L, Wood E, Kwan J. Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;1:CD005398.
Benbadis SR, Wallace J, Reed Murtagh F. MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis in subjects without seizures. Seizure. 2002;11(5):340–3.
Risinger MW, Engel J Jr, Van Ness PC, Henry TR, Crandall PH. Ictal localization of temporal lobe seizures with scalp/sphenoidal recordings. Neurology. 1989;39(10):1288–93.
Ebersole JS, Pacia SV. Localization of temporal lobe foci by ictal EEG patterns. Epilepsia. 1996;37(4):386–99.
Cendes F. Neuroimaging in investigation of patients with epilepsy. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2013;19(3):623–42.
LoPinto-Khoury C, Sperling MR, Skidmore C, et al. Surgical outcome in PET-positive, MRI-negative patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2012;53(2):342–8.
Van Gompel JJ, Rubio J, Cascino GD, Worrell GA, Meyer FB. Electrocorticography-guided resection of temporal cavernoma: is electrocorticography warranted and does it alter the surgical approach? J Neurosurg. 2009;110(6):1179–85.
Josephson CB, Leach JP, Duncan R, Roberts RC, Counsell CE, Al-Shahi Salman R; SAIVMs steering committee and collaborators. Seizure risk from cavernous or arteriovenous malformations: prospective population-based study. Neurology. 2011;76(18):1548–54.
Hon JM, Bhattacharya JJ, Counsell CE, et al. SIVMS collaborators. The presentation and clinical course of intracranial developmental venous anomalies in adults: a systematic review and prospective, population-based study. Stroke. 2009;40(6):1980–5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bhatt, A. (2017). Epilepsy Secondary to Specific Mechanisms. In: Koubeissi, M., Azar, N. (eds) Epilepsy Board Review. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6774-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6774-2_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6772-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6774-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)