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Applications of Non-coding RNA in the Molecular Pathology of Cancer

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Molecular Pathology in Cancer Research

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Abstract

Recent genomic-scale technologies have led to the discovery that large numbers of transcripts occur outside the boundaries of protein-coding genes. Whilst the volume of transcription is not usually debated, heated arguments have erupted over the biological function of these molecules, and even whether the designated term of “non-coding RNAs” is accurate. This classification uncertainty has not stymied the research aimed at discovering new diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive biomarkers of cancer, and non-coding RNAs (both large and small) have been demonstrated beyond reasonable doubt to be associated with every aspect of tumor biology. In this chapter, we summarize currently known associations of ncRNAs to cancer, and the promising candidates for predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic applications for management of the disease. Although there are several major challenges to overcome before the enormous body of research can be properly deployed in a clinical context, the potential for highly specific and sensitive assays is certainly exciting.

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Acknowledgments

NC is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT120100453) and the Cancer Council of Queensland (APP1063119). We would like to thank our colleagues, students, collaborators, and family for their patience and assistance during the preparation and writing of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA

    Keerthana Krishnan

  2. QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia

    Nicole Cloonan

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  1. Keerthana Krishnan
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  2. Nicole Cloonan
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Correspondence to Nicole Cloonan .

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  1. UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, University of Queensland and Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Sunil R. Lakhani

  2. Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Stephen B. Fox

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Krishnan, K., Cloonan, N. (2016). Applications of Non-coding RNA in the Molecular Pathology of Cancer. In: Lakhani, S., Fox, S. (eds) Molecular Pathology in Cancer Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6643-1_9

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