Abstract
Electrons are emitted from solids by overcoming the electron potential barrier through one of four mechanisms illustrated in Fig. 8.1. The potential barrier arises from the electron interaction with the positively charged atomic nuclei and other negatively charged electrons. To avoid charging during electron emission, the solid must be highly conductive. For this reason, only metals and metallic solids are used as electron emitters.
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Zuo, J.M., Spence, J.C.H. (2017). Electron Sources. In: Advanced Transmission Electron Microscopy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6607-3_8
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