Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Overactive Bladder (OAB) in the Elderly with Contemporary Notions on Treatment Including Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Pelvic Surgery in the Elderly

  • 1384 Accesses

Abstract

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a clinical syndrome that fortunately or unfortunately is defined by the classic trilogy of lower urinary tract symptoms. Naturally, these include urinary urgency, with or without urge incontinence, urinary frequency (voiding eight or more times in a 24-h period), and nocturia (waking up during periods of deep sleep to void at night). Overactive bladder as a symptom complex has the potential to inflict destructive effects on almost all aspects of ordinary life. The impingement on socialization is often intense. Patients suffering with overactive bladder tend to significantly restrict their daily activities which can lead to isolation with associated varying degrees of depression. Furthermore, when nocturia is the primary component, it can lead to serious sleep disturbance and diminished quality of life. Other deleterious effects of overactive bladder include impaired domestic and sexual function, as well as impaired work-related productivity. At this point, one must acknowledge that all of these aspects of OAB have even more considerable consequences when we are dealing with an elderly population; especially, when significant medical comorbidities are associated. For instance, an elderly woman with urinary urge incontinence (UUI) becomes a much higher risk for falls leading to debilitating fractures when compared to women without UUI.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Staskin DR, Wein AJ, editors. New perspectives on the overactive bladder. Urology. 2002;60 Suppl:1–104.

    Google Scholar 

  2. DuBeau CE, Kiely DK, Resnick NM. Quality of life impact of urge incontinence in older persons: a new measure and conceptual structure. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:989–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Abrams P, Kelleher CJ, Kerr LA, Rogers RG. Overactive bladder significantly affects quality of life. Am J Manag Care. 2000;6(11 suppl):S580–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Wymann JE, et al. Urinary incontinence: does it increase risk for falls and fractures? Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:721–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gibbs RS. Danforth’s obstetrics and gynecology, 10th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. p. 890–1. ISBN 9780781769372.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ghosh AK. Mayo Clinic internal medicine concise textbook. Rochester: Mayo Clinic Scientific Press; 2008. p. 339. ISBN 9781420067514.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, Abrams P, Herzog AR, Corey R, Hunt TL, Wein AJ. Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. World J Urol. 2003;20(6):327–36. doi:10.1007/s00345-002-0301-4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, et al. Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. World J Urol. 1999;44:56–66.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ouslander JG, Kane RL, Abrass IB. Urinary incontinence in elderly nursing home patients. JAMA. 1982;248:1194–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Coyne KS, Wein AJ, Tubaro A, et al. The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression: EpiLUTS. BJU Int. 2009;103 Suppl 3:4.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dubeau CE, Simon SE, Morris JN. The effect of urinary incontinence on quality of life in older nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:1325.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. MacDiarmid SA, Gwynn E. Physical disability, an emerging complication of urinary incontinence. In: Society for urodynamics and female urology annual meeting, Bahamas, 22–25 Feb 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brown JS, McGhan WF, Chokroverty S. Comorbidities associated with overactive bladder. Am J Manag Care. 2000;6:S574–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wein AJ, Rovner ES. The overactive bladder: an overview of primary care health providers. Int J Fertil. 1999;44:56–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Abrams P. Overactive bladder syndrome and urinary incontinence. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2011. p. 7–8. ISBN 9780199599394.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wagner TH, Hu T-W. Economic costs of urinary incontinence in 1995. Urology. 1998;51:355–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fantl J, Newman D, Colling J, et al. Clinical practice guideline number 2: urinary incontinence in adults: acute and chronic management. Rockville: US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1996 (AHCPR publication 96–0682). update.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chapple RC, MacDairmid SA. Urodynamics made easy. New York: Churchill Livingston; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Andersson K-E. Potential benefits of muscarinic M3 receptor selectivity. Eur Urol Suppl. 2002;1:23–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Aboseif S, Tamaddon K, Chalfin S, Freedman S, Mourad MS, Chang JH, Kaptein JS. Sacral neuromodulation in functional urinary retention: an effective way to restore voiding. BJU Int. 2002;90:662–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Amundsen CL, Romero AA, Jamison MG, Webster GD. Sacral neuromodulation for intractable urge incontinence: are there factors associated with cure? Urology. 2005;66:746–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Andrews BJ, Reynard JM. Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury. J Urol. 2003;170:926.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bosch JL, Groen J. Sacral nerve neuromodulation in the treatment of patients with refractory motor urge incontinence: long-term results of a prospective longitudinal study. J Urol. 2000;163:1219–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Brindley GS. Electrical stimulation in vesicourethral dysfunction: general principles; practical devices. In: Mundy AR, Stephenson TP, Wein AJ, editors. Urodynamics: principles, practices, application. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1994. p. 481–8.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Brindley GS. The first 500 patients with sacral anterior root stimulator implants: general description. Paraplegia. 1994;32:795–805.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Caldwell KP. The electrical control of sphincter incompetence. Lancet. 1963;2:174–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Chai TC, Mamo GJ. Modified techniques of S3 foramen localization and lead implantation in S3 neuromodulation. Urology. 2001;58:786–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Cohen BL, Tunuguntla HS, Gousse A. Predictors of success for first stage neuromodulation: motor versus sensory response. J Urol. 2006;175:2178–80. discussion 2180–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Congregado Ruiz B, Pena Outeirino XM, Campoy Martinez P, Leon Duenas E, Leal Lopez A. Peripheral afferent nerve stimulation for treatment of lower urinary tract irritative symptoms. Eur Urol. 2004;45:65–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Cooperberg MR, Stoller ML. Percutaneous neuromodulation. Urol Clin North Am. 2005;32:71–8. vii.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Craggs M, McFarlane J. Neuromodulation of the lower urinary tract. Exp Physiol. 1999;84:149–60.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Dahms SE, Hohenfellner M, Thuroff JW. Sacral neurostimulation and neuromodulation in urological practice. Curr Opin Urol. 2000;10:329–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. De Groat WC, Saum WR. Synaptic transmission in para-sympathetic ganglia in the urinary bladder of the cat. J Physiol. 1976;256:137–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. De Groat WC, Nadelhaft I, Milne RJ, Booth AM, Morgan C, Thor K. Organization of the sacral parasympathetic reflex pathways to the urinary bladder and large intestine. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1981;3:135–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Dees JE. Contraction of the urinary bladder produced by electric stimulation. Preliminary report. Invest Urol. 1965;2:539–47.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fischer J, Madersbacher H, Zechberger J, Russegger L, Huber A. Sacral anterior root stimulation to promote micturition in transverse spinal cord lesions. Zentralbl Neurochir. 1993;54:77–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Fowler CJ. Neurological disorders of micturition and their treatment. Brain. 1999;122(Pt 7):1213–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Goh M, Diokno AC. Sacral neuromodulation for nonobstructive urinary retention—is success predictable? J Urol. 2007;178:197–9. discussion 199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Govier FE, Litwiller S, Nitti V, Kreder Jr KJ, Rosenblatt P. Percutaneous afferent neuromodulation for the refractory overactive bladder: results of a multicenter study. J Urol. 2001;165:1193–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Griffiths D. Clinical studies of cerebral and urinary tract function in elderly people with urinary incontinence. Behav Brain Res. 1998;92:151–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Hassouna MM, Siegel SW, Nyeholt AA, Elhilali MM, van Kerrebroeck PE, Das AK, et al. Sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of urgency-frequency symptoms: a multicenter study on efficacy and safety. J Urol. 2000;163:1849–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hedlund H, Schultz A, Talseth T, Tonseth K, van der Hagen A. Sacral neuromodulation in Norway: clinical experience of the first three years. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2002;36 Suppl 210:87–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Hijaz A, Vasavada SP, Daneshgari F, Frinjari H, Goldman H, Rackley R. Complications and troubleshooting of two-stage sacral neuromodulation therapy: a single-institution experience. Urology. 2006;68:533–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hohenfellner M, Schultz-Lampel D, Dahms S, Matzel K, Thuroff JW. Bilateral chronic sacral neuromodulation for treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. J Urol. 1998;160:821–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Hohenfellner M, Thuroff JW, Schultz-Lampel D. Sacral root stimulation to treat micturation disorders [sakrale neuromodulation zur therapie von Miktionsstorungen]. Aktuelle Urol. 1992;23:1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Janknegt RA, Hassouna MM, Siegel SW, Schmidt RA, Gajewski JB, Rivas DA, et al. Long-term effectiveness of sacral nerve stimulation for refractory urge incontinence. Eur Urol. 2001;39:101–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Jonas U, Tanagho EA. Studies on the feasibility of urinary bladder evacuation by direct spinal cord stimulation. II. Poststimulus voiding: a way to overcome outflow resistance. Invest Urol. 1975;13:151–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Jonas U, Fowler CJ, Chancellor MB, Elhilali MM, Fall M, Gajewski JB, et al. Efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation for urinary retention: results 18 months after implantation. J Urol. 2001;165:15–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Klingler HC, Pycha A, Schmidbauer J, Marberger M. Use of peripheral neuromodulation of the S3 region for treatment of detrusor overactivity: a urodynamic-based study. Urology. 2000;56:766–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Koldewijn EL, Rijkhoff NJ, van Kerrebroeck EV, Debruyne FM, Wijkstra H. Selective sacral root stimulation for bladder control: acute experiments in an animal model. J Urol. 1994;151:1674–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Koldewijn EL, Rosier PF, Meuleman EJ, Koster AM, Debruyne FM, van Kerrebroeck PE. Predictors of success with neuromodulation in lower urinary tract dysfunction: results of trial stimulation in 100 patients. J Urol. 1994;152:2071–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Kruse MN, de Groat WC. Spinal pathways mediate coordinated bladder/urethral sphincter activity during reflex micturition in decerebrate and spinalized neonatal rats. Neurosci Lett. 1993;152:141–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Lee YH, Creasey GH. Self-controlled dorsal penile nerve stimulation to inhibit bladder hyperreflexia in incomplete spinal cord injury: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:273–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Leng WW, Chancellor MB. How sacral nerve stimulation neuromodulation works. Urol Clin North Am. 2005;32:11–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Madersbacher H. Conservative therapy of neurogenic disorders of micturition. Urologe A. 1999;38:24–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Madersbacher H, Fischer J. Sacral anterior root stimulation: prerequisites and indications. Neurourol Urodyn. 1993;12:489–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Maher MG, Mourtzinos A, Zabihi N, Laiwalla UZ, Raz S, Rodriguez LV. Bilateral caudal epidural neuromodulation for refractory urinary retention: a salvage procedure. J Urol. 2007;177:2237–40. discussion 2241.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Malaguti S, Spinelli M, Giardiello G, Lazzeri M, van den Hombergh U. Neurophysiological evidence may predict the outcome of sacral neuromodulation. J Urol. 2003;170:2323–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Martin ET. Can cardiac pacemakers and magnetic resonance imaging systems co-exist? Eur Heart J. 2005;26(2005):325–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. McGuire EJ, Zhang SC, Horwinski ER, Lytton B. Treatment of motor and sensory detrusor instability by electrical stimulation. J Urol. 1983;129:78–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Minardi D, Muzzonigro G. Lower urinary tract and bowel disorders and multiple sclerosis: role of sacral neuromodulation: a preliminary report. Neuromodulation. 2005;8:176–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Nashold Jr BS, Friedman H, Boyarsky S. Electrical activation of micturition by spinal cord stimulation. J Surg Res. 1971;11:144–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Nashold Jr BS, Friedman H, Glenn JF, Grimes JH, Barry WF, Avery R. Electromicturition in paraplegia. Implantation of a spinal neuroprosthesis. Arch Surg. 1972;104:195–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Pettit PD, Thompson JR, Chen AH. Sacral neuromodulation: new applications in the treatment of female pelvic floor dysfunction. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2002;14:521–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Rijkhoff NJ, Wijkstra H, van Kerrebroeck PE, Debruyne FM. Selective detrusor activation by electrical sacral nerve root stimulation in spinal cord injury. J Urol. 1997;157:1504–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Roguin A, Zviman MM, Meininger GR, Rodrigues ER, Dickfeld TM, Bluemke DA, et al. Modern pacemaker and implantable cardioverter/defibrillator systems can be magnetic resonance imaging safe: in vitro and in vivo assessment of safety and function at 1.5 T. Circulation. 2004;110:475–82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Ruud Bosch JL, Groen J. Treatment of refractory urge urinary incontinence with sacral spinal nerve stimulation in multiple sclerosis patients. Lancet. 1996;348:717–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Scheepens WA, de Bie RA, Weil EH, van Kerrebroeck PE. Unilateral versus bilateral sacral neuromodulation in patients with chronic voiding dysfunction. J Urol. 2002;168:2046–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Scheepens WA, van Koeveringe GA, de Bie RA, Weil EH, van Kerrebroeck PE. Urodynamic results of sacral neuromodulation correlate with subjective improvement in patients with an overactive bladder. Eur Urol. 2003;43:282–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Schmidt RA, Jonas U, Oleson KA, Janknegt RA, Hassouna MM, Siegel SW, van Kerrebroeck PE. Sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of refractory urinary urge incontinence. Sacral Nerve Stimulation Study Group. J Urol. 1999;162:352–7.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Schultz-Lampel D, Jiang C, Lindstrom S, Thuroff JW. Experimental results on mechanisms of action of electrical neuromodulation in chronic urinary retention. World J Urol. 1998;16:301–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Schultz-Lampel D, Jiang C, Lindstrom S, Thuroff JW. Summation effect of bilateral sacral root stimulation. Eur Urol. 1998;33:61.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Shaker HS, Hassouna M. Sacral nerve root neuromodulation: an effective treatment for refractory urge incontinence. J Urol. 1998;159:1516–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Siegel SW. Selecting patients for sacral nerve stimulation. Urol Clin North Am. 2005;32:19–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Siegel SW, Catanzaro F, Dijkema HE, Elhilali MM, Fowler CJ, Gajewski JB, et al. Long-term results of a multicenter study on sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of urinary urge incontinence, urgency-frequency, and retention. Urology. 2000;56:87–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. South MM, Romero AA, Jamison MG, Webster GD, Amundsen CL. Detrusor overactivity does not predict outcome of sacral neuromodulation test stimulation. Int Urogynecol J. 2007;18(12):1395–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Spinelli M, Bertapelle P, Cappellano F, Zanollo A, Carone R, Catanzaro F, et al. Chronic sacral neuromodulation in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: results from a national register. J Urol. 2001;166:541–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Spinelli M, Giardiello G, Gerber M, Arduini A, van den Hombergh U, Malaguti S. New sacral neuromodulation lead for percutaneous implantation using local anesthesia: description and first experience. J Urol. 2003;170:1905–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Swinn MJ, Kitchen ND, Goodwin RJ, Fowler CJ. Sacral neuromodulation for women with Fowler’s syndrome. Eur Urol. 2000;38:439–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Van Balken MR, Vandoninck V, Gisolf KW, Vergunst H, Kiemeney LA, Debruyne FM, Bemelmans BL. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation as neuromodulative treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. J Urol. 2001;166:914–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Van Balken MR, Vandoninck V, Messelink BJ, Vergunst H, Heesakkers JP, Debruyne FM, et al. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation as neuromodulative treatment of chronic pelvic pain. Eur Urol. 2003;43:158–63. discussion 163.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Van Kerrebroeck EV, Scheepens WA, de Bie RA, Weil EH. European experience with bilateral sacral neuromodulation in patients with chronic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 2005;32:51–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Van Kerrebroeck EV, van der Aa HE, Bosch JL, Koldewijn EL, Vorsteveld JH, Debruyne FM. Sacral rhizotomies and electrical bladder stimulation in spinal cord injury. Part I: clinical and urodynamic analysis. Dutch Study Group on Sacral Anterior Root Stimulation. Eur Urol. 1997;31:263–71.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Vandoninck V, van Balken MR, Finazzi Agro E, Petta F, Micali F, Heesakkers JP, Debruyne FM, Kiemeney LA, Bemelmans BL. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of overactive bladder: urodynamic data. Neurourol Urodyn. 2003;22:227–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Wang Y, Hassouna MM. Electrical stimulation has no adverse effect on pregnant rats and fetuses. J Urol. 1999;162:1785–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Wein A, Barrett D. Voiding function and dysfunction—a logical and practical approach. Year Book Medical. Chicago; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Wheeler Jr JS, Walter JS, Sibley P. Management of incontinent SCI patients with penile stimulation: preliminary results. J Am Paraplegia Soc. 1994;17:55–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Wheeler Jr JS, Walter JS, Zaszczurynski PJ. Bladder inhibition by penile nerve stimulation in spinal cord injury patients. J Urol. 1992;147:100–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geriatric Pelvic Medicine and Neurourology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21215, USA

    Rupinder Singh

  2. Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Raymond Rackley

  3. Department of Urology, Center for Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Sandip Vasavada

  4. Division of Pelvic Neuroscience, Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21215, USA

    David A. Gordon

Authors
  1. Rupinder Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Raymond Rackley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sandip Vasavada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. David A. Gordon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David A. Gordon .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pelvic NeuroScience, Department of Surgery, The Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    David A. Gordon

  2. Sinai Center for Geriatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Mark R. Katlic

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Singh, R., Rackley, R., Vasavada, S., Gordon, D.A. (2017). Overactive Bladder (OAB) in the Elderly with Contemporary Notions on Treatment Including Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS). In: Gordon, D., Katlic, M. (eds) Pelvic Floor Dysfunction and Pelvic Surgery in the Elderly. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6554-0_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6554-0_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6552-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6554-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation