Skip to main content

A History of Archaeology in Malaysia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology

Abstract

The long history of archaeology in Malaysia over the past 170 years or so has witnessed a gradual change from speculative-descriptive to scientific and interdisciplinary. It has also resulted in a tremendous growth of research and knowledge about the prehistory of Malaysia . This chapter presents an update and review of the history and practice of archaeology in Malaya , Sabah and Sarawak in four main periods: the Early Colonial/Antiquarianism Period, the Establishment of Museums Period, Post War World II/Independence Period, and the Local Archaeologists and Modern Era. Discussions are focused on individuals and organizations that have made significant discoveries and contributions to the history and practice of archaeology in Malaysia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Al-Rashid, M. I. (1969). A note on the Gua Cha small sherds. Federation Museums Journal, 14, 76–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, J. (1988). Trade transportation and tributaries: Exchange, agriculture and settlement distribution in early historical period Kedah, Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, J. (1990). Trade and site distribution in early historic-period Kedah: Geoarchaeological, historic, and location evidence. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 10, 307–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banks, E. (1937). Some megalithic remains from the Kelabit country in Sarawak with some notes on the Kelabits themselves. Sarawak Museum Journal, 4(4), 411–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G. (2005). The archaeology of foraging and farming at Niah Cave, Sarawak. Asian Perspectives, 44(1), 90–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G. (Ed.). (2013). Rainforest foraging and farming in Island Southeast Asia: The archaeology and environment history of the Niah Caves, 1954–2004. Niah Cave Project Monograph. McDonald Institute Monograph Series.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G., Huw, B., Paul, B., Simon, C., Michael, D., Chris, D., et al. (2000). The Niah Caves Project: Preliminary report on the first (2000) season. Sarawak Museum Journal, 55(n.s 76), 111–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G., Dana B., Huw, B., Paul, B., Michael, B., Patrick, D., et al. (2001). The Niah Caves Project: The second (2001) season of fieldwork. Sarawak Museum Journal, 56(n.s 77), 37–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G., Huw, B., Michael, B., Franca, C., Patrick, D., David, G., et al. (2002). Prehistoric foragers and framers in Southeast Asia: Renewed investigations at Niah Cave, Sarawak. In Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society (Vol. 68, pp. 147–164). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G., Huw, B., Michael, B., Franca, C., Patrick, D., Allan, D., et al. (2003). The Niah Caves Project: The fourth (2003) season of field work. Sarawak Museum Journal, (n.s 79), 45–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G., Huw, B., Daniel, B., Ipoi, D., Ben, D., Monica, J., et al. (2008). The Cultured Rainforest: The first (2007) field season. Sarawak Museum Journal, 65 (n.s. 86), 121–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, G., Huw, B., Efrosyni, B., Daniel, B., Ben, D., Ian, E., et al., (2009). The Cultured Rainforest Project: The second (2008) field season. Sarawak Museum Journal, 66(n.s. 87), 119–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellwood, P. (Ed.). (1988). Archaeological research in southeastern Sabah. Sabah Museum Monograph (Vol. 2). Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Museum and State Archives.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellwood, P. (Ed.). (1989). Archaeological investigations at Bukit Tengkorak and Segarong, southeastern Sabah. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 9, 122–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, S. T., Heglar, R., & Brooks, R. H. (1979). Radiocarbon dating and paleoserology of a selected burial series from the great Niah Caves, Sarawak, Malaysia. Asian Perspectives, 20, 21–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brothwell, D. R. (1960). Upper Pleistocene human skull from Niah caves, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 9(16), 323–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulbeck, D. (2000). Dental morphology at Gua Cha, West Malaysia, and the implication for ‘Sundadonty’. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 29, 17–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulbeck, D. (2005a). Gua Cha burials. In Zuraina Majid (Ed.), The Perak Man and other prehistoric skeletons of Malaysia (pp. 253–310). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulbeck, D. (2005b). The Guar Kepah human remains. In Z. Majid (Ed.), The Perak Man and other prehistoric skeletons of Malaysia (pp. 383–424). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bujeng, V. (2013). Diet prasejarah masyarakat pada Zaman akhir Pleistosen akhir hingga Holosen di Sarawak dan Sabah dari perspektif arkeozoologi. Ph.D. thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bujeng, V., & Chia, S. (2009). Zooarchaeological perspectives on faunal remains from Gua Kain Hitam B, Niah, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, LXVI(87), 199–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bujeng, V., & Chia, S. (2012). Bone and shell artifacts from Bukit Sarang, Bintulu and Gua Kain Hitam B, Niah, Sarawak. In M. L. Tjoa-Bonatz, A. Reinecke & D. Bonatz, (Eds.), Crossing Borders: Selected Papers from the 13th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists (Vol. 1, pp. 35–50). Singapore: National University Singapore Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, T. K. (1969). Archaeology in Sarawak. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons Ltd./University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (1997). Prehistoric pottery sources and technology in peninsular Malaysia based on compositional and morphological studies. In Monograph of Malaysia Museums Journal (New Series) (Vol. 33). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Museums and Antiquity Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (1998). The prehistory of Bukit Tengkorak as a major pottery making site in Southeast Asia. Ph.D. thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2001). The prehistory of Bukit Tengkorak, Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Archaeology, 21, 146–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2003a). The prehistory of Bukit Tengkorak as a major prehistoric pottery making site in Southeast Asia. Sabah Museum Monograph, Vol. 8. Kota Kinabalu Sabah Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2003b). Prehistoric pottery production and technology at Bukit Tengkorak, Sabah, Malaysia. In J. Miksic (Ed.), Earthenware in Southeast Asia (pp. 187–200). Singapore: National University Singapore Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2003c). Obsidian sourcing at Bukit Tengkorak, Sabah, Malaysia. Sabah Society Journal, 20, 45–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2005). Prehistoric earthenware of Malaysia. Special Issue, “Earthenware and Glazed Ceramics of Southeast Asia,” Journal of Sophia Asian Studies, 23, 201–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2006). Archaeological evidence of early human occupation in Malaysia. In T. Simantunjak et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Austronesian Diaspora and the Etnogenesis in Indonesian Archipelago (pp. 239–260). Jakarta: Indonesian Institute of Social Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2007). The metal age in Malaysia. In M. Saidin & S. Chia, (Eds.), Archaeological Heritage of Malaysia (pp. 109–123). Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2008). Prehistoric sites and research in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia. Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology (BSEAA) 2, 1–7. http://www.seaa-web.org. Accessed May 14, 2015.

  • Chia, S. (2010). Archaeotourism in Malaysia. In K. Din & J. Mapjabil (Eds.), Tourism research in Malaysia (pp. 337–350). Sintok, Kedah: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2011). Pemuliharaan dan pemeliharaan warisan arkeologi Malaysia. In S. Mohd, A. Azman & J. Sulaiman, (Eds.), Kelestarian Warisan Negara. Pusat Pengajian Sains Kemasyarakatan (pp. 97–110). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2013). Wood coffin burials of Kinabatangan, Sabah. Inaugural Archaeology Series. Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2016). History of archaeology in Sabah. In P.K. Lim, (Ed.), North Borneo: A collective history (Vol. 1, pp. 13–24). Sabah: Opus Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S. (2017). Protection and conservation of archaeological heritage in Malaysia: Issues and challenges. In P. Gould & A. Pyburn, (Eds.), Collission or Collaboration: Archaeology encounters economic development (pp 29–43), One World Archaeology. New York: Springer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., Johan, A., & Hirofumi, M. (2005). The dental characteristics of prehistoric human teeth from Melanta Tutup, Semporna, Sabah. In Z. Majid, (Ed.), Perak man and other prehistoric skeletons in Malaysia (pp. 239–251). Penang: Centre for Archaeological Research Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., Velat, B., Suresh, N. & Dana, B. (2011). Archaeological survey in Gunung Mulu National Park, Miri, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series) LXVIII(89), 153–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., & Datan, I. (2003). Preliminary report on archaeological surveys and excavations at Bukit Sarang Caves, Ulu Kakus, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, LVIII(79), 121–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., & Koon, P. (2003). Recent discovery of an ancient log coffin in Semporna, Sabah. Sabah Society Journal, 20, 35–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., & Hirofumi, M. (2007). Late Prehistoric burials at Melanta Tutup, Semporna, Sabah. In Archaeological studies on cultural diversity in Southeast Asia and its Neighbors (pp. 361–370). Tokyo: Sophia University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chia, S., & Zolkurnain, H. (2005). Gua Harimau, A prehistoric cemetery in Lenggong, Perak. In Z. Majid, (Ed.), Perak Man and Other Prehistoric Skeletons in Malaysia (pp. 363–382). Penang: Centre for Archaeological Research Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chin, L., & Nyandoh, R. (1975). Archaeological work in Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 23(44), 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, F. (2007). Materiality in mortuary practice: Approaches to the study of ceramics in the West Mouth of Niah Caves, Borneo. M.Phil dissertation, University of Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1936). Report on an archaeological excavation in Kedah, Malay Peninsula. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum (Series B), 1(1), 5–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1937a). Recent finds of Iron-Age sites in southern Perak and Selangor. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum 1(2), 75–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1937b). An excavation at Bukit Chuping, Perlis. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 1(2), 94–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1937c). Gua Berhala. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum (Series B), 1–2, 115–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1938a). A Pleistocene site in the Malay Peninsula. Nature, 142, 575–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1938b). An excavation at Bukit Chuping, Perlis. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum (Series B), 1–2, 94–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1938c). A collection of stone tools in the Raffles Museum from the Kuantan District. Bulletin of Raffles Museum (Series B), 1–2, 124–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1949a). Some Neolithic tools from Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 5(1), 14–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collings, H. D. (1949b). An Iron Age find near Klang. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 1(4), 113–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Datan, I. (1993). Archaeological excavations at Gua Sireh (Serian) and Lubang Angin (Gunung Mulu National Park), Sarawak, Malaysia. “Special Monograph Number 6,” Sarawak Museum Journal 56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Datan, I., Stephen, C., & Nicholas, D. (2012). Earthen crocodile effigies of the Iban of Sarawak: A preliminary study. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series) LXX(9), 145–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duckworth, W. L. H. (1934). Human remains from the rock-shelter and caves in Perak, Pahang and Perlis and from Selinsing. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 12, 149–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. L. (1964). Excavations at Gua Kecil, Pahang. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 37(2), 87–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. L. (1966). Radiocarbon dating of the Malayan Neolithic. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 32, 325–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. L. (1970). Cultural evolution of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene of Southeast Asia. American Anthropologist, 72, 1041–1054.

    Google Scholar 

  • Earl, G. W. (1861). On the shell-mounds of Province Wellesley in the Malay Peninsula. Transactions of the Ethnographical Society (New Series), 11, 119–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1913). On a collection of stone implements from the Tempasuk District, British North Borneo. Man, 13, 154–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1918). Preliminary report on cave exploration near Lenggong, Upper Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 7, 227–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1920). Preliminary report on the exploration of a rock shelter in the Batu Kurau Parish, Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 9(3), 34–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1926). Result of an expedition to Kedah. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12, 74–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1927a) Negrito cave drawings at Lenggong, Upper Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12(4), 105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1927b). Paper on the ethnology and archaeology of the Malay Peninsula. England: Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1927c) Notes on the remains of an old boat from Pontian, Pahang. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12(16), 93–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1928a). Further excavations at Gunung Pondok. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12, 136–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1928b). On slab-built graves in Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12(21), 111–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1928c). On ancient remains from Kuala Selinsing, Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12(22), 121–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1928d). Further notes on remains from Kuala Selinsing, Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12(25), 139–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1929a). A still further note on the Kuala Selinsing settlement. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12(35), 180–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1929b). Notes on the relationship between Philippines Iron Age antiquities and some from Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 12(37), 189–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1930a). A comparative study of ancient objects from Sarawak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(1), 29–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1930b). On a stone spearhead from Kelantan. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(10), 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1930c). Notes on recent finds at Kuala Selinsing. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(9), 25–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1931a). A search for antiquities in Kedah and Perlis. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(15), 43–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1931b). Excavations at Nyong, Tembeling River. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(2), 51–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1931c). A further slab-built grave at Sungkai, Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(17), 63–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1931d). A stone spearhead from Pahang. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(18), 65–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1931e). An iron implement of unusual type. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(20), 69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1931f). An attempted classification of Iron Age implements. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15(22), 71–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1932). Excavations at Tanjong Rawa, Kuala Selinsing, Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay State Museum, 15(23), 79–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, I. H. N. (1953). The religion of the Tempasuk Dusuns of North Borneo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faulstich, P. (1984). Preliminary report on the rock art of Ipoh, Malaysia. Rock Art Research, 1(2), 141–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fix, A. G. (1995). Malayan palaeosociology: Implications for patterns of genetic variation among Orang Asli. American Anthropologist, 97(2), 313–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fix, A. G. (2000). Genes, language, and ethnic groups: Reconstructing Orang Asli prehistory, Indo-Pacific prehistory. The Melaka papers. Volume 3. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 19, 11–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gani, N., Bujeng, V., & Chia, S. (2009). Archaeological survey and excavation at Gua Tupak, Bau, Sarawak: A preliminary report. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series) LXVI(87), 185–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gani, N., & Chia, S. (2012). A description and classification of earthernware sherds excavated from Gua Tupak, Bau, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series) LXX(9), 161–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson-Hill, C. A. (1951). Further notes on the fragment of a bronze drum from Ulu Tembeling. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 30(4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson-Hill, C. A. (1952a). Kĕndi. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 30(4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson-Hill, C. A. (1952b). Further notes on the old boat found at Pontian, in southern Pahang. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25(1), 111–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glover, I. (1977). The Hoabinhian: Hunter-gatherers or early agriculturalists in Southeast Asia? In J. Vincent, & S. Megaw, (Eds.), Hunter-gatherers and first farmers beyond Europe (pp. 145–167). Leicester: Leicester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorman, C. (1971). The Hoabinhian and after: Subsistence patterns in Southeast Asia during the late Pleistocene and early recent periods. World Archaeology, 2(3), 300–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hale, A. (1885). The stone age in Perak. Journal Straits Branch Royal Society 16, notes & queries No. 3, 62. Reprinted in Journal of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society (1997). Reprint No. 15, 75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, B. (1956). Song excavations. Sarawak Museum Journal, 7(7), 153–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, B. (1958a). Niah’s Lobang Tulang: Cave of Bones. Sarawak Museum Journal, 8(12), 596–619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, B. (1959a). Cave of bones—New finds, 1959. Sarawak Museum Journal, 9(13–14), 164–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, B. (1961). British Borneo. Asian Perspectives, 5(10), 63–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, B. (1965a). Upiusing—a late burial cave at Niah. Sarawak Museum Journal, 12(25–26), 83–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, B. (1967a). A classification of stone age from Niah Great Cave, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 15(30–31), 126–199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, B. (1968). A Niah Stone Age jar-burial, C-14 dated. Sarawak Museum Journal, 16(32–33), 64–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1954). Bornean archaeology to 1955. Sarawak Museum Journal, 6(4), 188–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1955). Editorial preface. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series) VI(5), 7–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1957). The Great Cave of Niah, a preliminary report on Bornean prehistory. Man, 57, 161–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1958a). Alfred Russel Wallace and a century of evolution in Borneo. In Proceedings of the Centery and Biocetenary Congress of Biology (pp. 25–38). Singapore: Craftsman Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1958c). The caves of Niah: A history of prehistory. Sarawak Museum Journal, 8(12), 549–595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1958d). The great Niah Caves, Sarawak: A-ship-of-the-dead cult and related rock paintings. Archaeological Newsletter, 6(9), 199–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1958e). A living megalithic in upland Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 8(12), 694–702.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1958f). Megaliths of central and west Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 8(11), 394–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1959b). New archaeological and ethnological results from Niah Caves, Sarawak. Man, 59, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1959c). More “megaliths” from inner Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 9(13), 14–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1959d). Radiocarbon-C14 dating B.C. from Niah: A note. Sarawak Museum Journal, 9(13–14), 326–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1962). Megaliths of central Borneo and western Malaya, compared. Sarawak Museum Journal, 10(19–20), 376–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1963). 100,000 years of stone age culture in Borneo. Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, 112, 74–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1965b). Some Neolithic tools from Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 12(25–26), 133–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1966). Lobang Angus, a frequentation cave at Niah–I. Sarawak Museum Journal, 14(28–29), 217–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1967b). A miniature burial pot from Niah Great Cave. Sarawak Museum Journal, 15(30–31), 91–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1970). The Prehistory of Borneo. Asian Perspectives, 13, 17–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T., & B. (1971). The prehistory of Sabah. Sabah Society Journal IV Monograph (1969–1970). Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T. (1973). Newly discovered prehistoric rock carvings—Ulu Tomani, Sabah. Journal of Malaysian Branch of The Royal Asiatic Society, XLVI(1), 123–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T., & Tweedie, M. W. F. (1951). Excavation of Gua Bungoh in South-West Sarawak. Journal of the Polynesian Society, 60, 164–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T., & Reavis, J. L. (1966). The Sarang Caves in Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, 14, 249–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T., & Medway, L. (1962a). A first classification of prehistoric bone and tooth artifacts based on material from Niah Great Cave. Asian Perspectives, 6, 219–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrisson, T., & Medway, L. (1962b). A first classification of prehistoric bone and tooth artifacts. Sarawak Museum Journal, 10(19–20), 335–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrower, G. (1933). Skeletal remains from Kuala Selinsing excavations. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 11(2), 190–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutterer, K. L. (1977). Reinterpreting the Southeast Asian Palaeolithic. In J. Allen, J. Golson, & R. Jones (Eds.), Sunda and Sahul: Prehistoric Studies in Southeast Asia, Melanesia and Australia (pp. 31–70). London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ignatius, J. (2000). Pulau Balambangan dan Sumbangannya kepada Zaman Paleolitik Akhir di Asia Tenggara. M.A. thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irby, F. W. (1905). A short account of some ancient remains found on Gunung Jerai, Kedah. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 1, 79–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isa, H. (2007). Bengkel Alat Batu Zaman Pleistosen Pertengahan (70,000 Tahun Dahulu) di Kota Tampan, Lenggong, Perak. M.A. thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith, H. G. (1947). Megalithic Remains in North Borneo. Journal of the Malayan Branch, Royal Asiatic Society, 20(1), 153–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knuth, C. E. (1962). The Oracle at Tambun, Malay and Thai cave paintings compared. Malaya in History, 8(1), 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ko, J., & Chia, S. (2012). A classification of ceramics discoverd in Kampung Senangeh, Samarahan, Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series) LXX(9), 183–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krigbaum, J. (2001). Human paleodiet in tropical Southeast Asia: Isotopic evidence from Niah Cave and Gua Cha. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, New York University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, A. (1960). Chandi Bukit Batu Pahat: A report on excavation of ancient temple in Kedah. In Monograph on Southeast Asian subject No. 1. Singapore: Eastern University Press Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, A. (1961). Miscellaneous papers on early Hindu and Buddhist settlements in northern Malaya and Southern Thailand. Federation Museums Journal (New Series), 6, 1–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, A. (1964). Mahayana Buddhist votive tablets in Perlis. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 37(2), 47–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1973). A study of ceramic deposits from Pengkalan Bujang, Kedah. M.A. thesis, Department of History, University Malaya.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1977). Ancient finds from Kampung Jenderam Hilir. Malaysia in History, 10(2), 38–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1987). Recent research on the Neolithic in Peninsular Malaysia. SPAFA Digest, 8(1), 18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1990a). A tripod pottery complex in Peninsular Malaysia. In I. Glover & E. Glover, (Eds.), Southeast Asian archaeology (pp. 65–75). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports No. 561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1990b). Collecting centres, feeder points and entrepots in the Malay Peninsula c. 1000 B. C.-A. D. 700. In J. Kathirithamby-Wells & J. Villiers, (Eds.), The Southeast Asian port and polity: rise and demise (pp. 17–38). Singapore: Singapore University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1991). Jenderam Hilir and the mid-Holocene prehistory of the west coast plain of Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 10, 150–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1993). Ancient trading centres in the Malay Peninsula. Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia, 6, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1998a). Some observations on a newly found Dog Son type bronze kettledrum from Selangor. Jurnal Seri Alam, 4, 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1998b). Recent research on granite slab graves of Peninsular Malaysia. In P. Manguin, (Ed.), Southeast Asian Archaeology (pp. 43–51). Hull: Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Hull.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1998c). The chronology of the Bernam Valley cist graves in Peninsular Malaysia. Paper presented at the 16th Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Melaka, Malaysia, 1–7 July, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (1999). Archaeology in Malaysia since the mid-seventies. Paper presented at the International Colloquium on Archaeology in Southeast Asia in the 3rd Millennium. University Sains Malaysia, Penang, 26–30 September, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, S. H. (2000). The chronology of the Bernam Valley cist graves in Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 19, 65–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, W. (1928). Some discoveries on the Tembeling. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6(4), 66–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, W. (1930). Notes on some further discoveries in Pahang. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 8(2), 314–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, W. (1951). Traces of a Bronze Age culture associated with Iron Age implements in the regions of Klang and the Tembeling, Malaya. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 24(3), 1–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowenstein, J. (1953). Tulang Mawas re-examined. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 26(1), 37–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowenstein, J. (1956). The origin of the Malayan Metal Age. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 29(2), 5–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, J. (1848). An account of several inscription found in Province Wellesley on the Peninsula of Malacca. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 17(2), 223–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, J. (1849). On an inscription from Kedah. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 18(1), 247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd-Smith, L. (2009). Chronologies of the dead: Later prehistoric burial practice at the Niah Caves, Sarawak. PhD dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd-Smith, L., Barker, G., Barton, H., Datan, I., Gosden, C., Nyiri, B., et al. (2010). The cultured rainforest project: Archaeological investigations in the third (2009) season of fieldwork on the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak. Sarawak Museum Journal, LXVII(88), 57–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (1982). The West Mouth Niah in the prehistory of Southeast Asia. Sarawak Museum Journal, 31(52). Special Monograph 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (1989). The Tampanian problem resolved: Archaeological evidence of a late Pleistocene lithic workshop. Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia, 11, 71–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (1991). Prasejarah Malaysia: Sudahkah zaman gelap menjadi cerah?. Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (1997). The discovery of Bukit Jawa, Gelok, a Middle-Late Pleistocene site in Perak, Malaysia. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 70(2), 49–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (1998). Radiocarbon dates and cultures sequence in the Lenggong Valley and beyond. Malaysia Museums Journal Special Issue (New Series), 34, 241–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (2003). Archaeology in Malaysia. Penang: Centre for Archaeological Research, Malaysia, Penang, Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (2005a). The excavations and analyses of the Perak Man buried in Gua Gunung Runtuh, Lenggong, Perak. In Z. Majid (Ed.), The Perak Man and other prehistoric skeletons of Malaysia (pp. 1–32). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. (Ed.). (2005b). The Perak Man and other prehistoric skeletons of Malaysia. Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. M., Saidin, M., Chia, S., & Hassan, Z. (1994). Artifacts from the Gua Gunung Runtuh excavations. In Z. Majid (Ed.), The excavations of Gua Gunung Runtuh and the discovery of the Perak Man in Malaysia (pp. 149–171). Kuala Lumpur: Department of Museums and Antiquity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Majid, Z. A., Haut, B., & Ignatius, J. (1998). Late Pleistocene-Holocene site in Pahang: Excavation of Gua Sagu and Gua Tenggek, Malaysia. Malaysia Museums Journal Special Issue (New Series), 34, 65–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumura, H. (2005). Bioanthropological significance of prehistoric human skeletal remains in Malaysia. In Z. Majid (Ed.), The Perak Man and other prehistoric skeletons of Malaysia (pp. 425–446). Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, J. M. (1959). Rock paintings near Ipoh. Malayan in History, 5(2), 22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, J. M. (1961). A check-list of “Hoabinhian” sites excavated in Malaya. 1860–1939. Singapore: Eastern University Press Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthews, J. M. (1964). The Hoabinhian in Southeast Asia and elsewhere. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Prehistory, Australian National University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1958). Food bone in the Niah cave excavations (–1958), a preliminary report. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series) VIII(12), 627–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1959). Niah animal bone II: (1954–8). Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series), 9(13–14), 151–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1960a). Niah shell–1954-8 (A preliminary report). Sarawak Museum Journal, 9(14–15), 368–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1960b). Niah Cave bone III–Hell bone (-1959). Sarawak Museum Journal, 9(14–15), 361–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1960c). A Niah ballad. Sarawak Museum Journal, 9(15–16), 393–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1963). Niah Cave animal bone VI: New records. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series), 11(21–22), 188–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1966). Animal bones from Lobang Angus, Niah. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series), 14(28–29), 185–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1973). The antiquity of domesticated pigs in Sarawak. Journal of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society, 46, 169–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1977a). The ancient domestic dogs of Malaysia. Journal of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society, 50, 14–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medway, L. (1977b). The Niah excavations and an assessment of the impact of early man on mammals in Borneo. Asian Perspectives, 20, 51–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mijsberg, W. A. (1940). On a Neolithic Paleo-Melanesian lower jaw found in a kitchen midden at Gua Kepah. In Province Wellesley, Straits Settlements (pp. 100–118). Singapore: Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the Prehistory of Far East.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molijol, P., & Jeffrey, A. (2014). Sejarah penyelidikan arkeologi di Sabah. In M. Saidin & J. Abdullah (Eds.), Sumbangan Sabah kepada arkeologi Asia Tenggara: Hasil penyelidikan 20 tahun (19932013) (pp. 15–27). Kota Kinabalu: Monograf Muzium Sabah 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, E. (2009). The Williams-Hunt Collection: Aerial photographs and cultural landscapes in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. Sari-International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 27(2), 265–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noone, H. D. (1939). Report on a new Neolithic site in Ulu Kelantan. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 15, 170–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noone, H. D. (1941). A proposed classification of Malayan polished stone implements. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 19(2), 210–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer, S. (2011). MtDNA variation and southward Holocene human dispersals within Mainland Southeast Asia. In N. J. Enfield, (Ed.), The Dynamics of Human Diversity: The Case of Mainland Southeast Asia (Vol. 107, pp. 81–108). Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, B. A. V. (1959). A short description of Malayan prehistoric pottery. Asian Perspectives, 3(2), 121–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, B. A. V. (1964a). Recent archaeological discoveries 1962–1963 Malaya. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 37(2), 201–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, B. A. V. (1964b). The Kodiang Pottery Cones: Tripod pottery in Malaya and Thailand with a note on Bukit Tengku Lembu Black Ware. Federation Museums Journal, 9, 4–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, B. A. V. (1965a). Recent archaeological discoveries in Malaysia, 1964: Malaya. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 38(1), 248–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, B. A. V. (1965b). Recent archaeological discoveries in Malaysia, 1965: Malaya. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 39(1)(209), 198–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, B. A. V. (1965c). The prehistoric archaeology of Malayan caves. Malayan Nature Journal, 19(1), 40–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, B. A. V. (1967). Malaysian prehistory—some current problems. In S. T. Alisyahbana, X. S. T. Nayagam & W. Gungwu, (Eds.), The cultural problems of Malaysia in the context of Southeast Asia. Kuala Lumpur: The Malaysian Society of Orientalists.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piper, P., Rabett, R., & Barker, G. (2013). A zoologist with a taste for the past: The Earl of Cranbrook’s contribution to zooarchaeological research in Southeast Asia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 9, 121–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quaritch-Wales, H. G. (1939). Ancient Indian Kings of Kedah. Straits Times Ann:10–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quaritch-Wales, H. G. (1940). Archaeological researches on ancient Indian colonization in Malaya. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 18(1), 1–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, O. (1929). British North Borneo: An account of history, resources and native tribes. London: Constable & Company Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M. (1997). Kajian perbandingan tapak Paleolitik Kampung Temelong dengan Kota Tampan dan sumbangannya terhadap kebudayaan zaman Pelistosen akhir di Asia Tenggara. Malaysian Museums Journal (New Series). Volume 32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M. (1998). Kebudayaan Paleolitik di Malaysia—Sumbangan tapak Lawin, Perak dan Tingkayu, Sabah. Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Archaeology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M. (2006). Bukit Bunuh, Lenggong, Malaysia: New evidence of late Pleistocene culture in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. In A. B. Elisabeth, C. G. Ian & C. Vincent, (Eds.), Uncovering Southeast Asia’s Past: Selected papers from the 10th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists (pp. 60–64). Singapore: Pigott Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M. (2010). Bukti prasejarah di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M. (2011). Dari Zaman Batu ke Tamadun Awal di Malaysia: Pemerkasaan Jati Diri Bangsa. Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M., Abdullah, J., Osman, A.J., & Abdullah, A. (2011). Issues and problems of previous studies in the Bujang Valley and the discovery of Sungai Batu. In S. Chia & B. Watson Andaya, (Eds.), Bujang Valley and Early Civilisations in Southeast Asia (pp. 15–26). Malaysia: Department of National Heritage, Ministry of Information, Communications and Culture, Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidin, M., & Chia, S. (2007). Archaeological Heritage of Malaysia. Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Malaysia: Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, M. (1962). Megaliths of Malacca and Negri Sembilan. Federated Museums Journal, VII, 70–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, A. (1960). The Palaeolithic industry of Kota Tampan, Perak. Asian Perspectives, 2, 91–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, A. (1962). The Palaeolithic industry of Kota Tampan, Perak. Proceedings, Prehistoric Society, 28, 103–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, G. de. G. (1954). Gua Cha and the Malayan stone age. Malayan Historical Journal, 1, 111–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, G. de. G. (1954–55). Excavation at Gua Cha, Kelantan 1954: Part 1. Federation Museums Journal, 12, 75–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, G. de. G. (1956a). The Iron Age collections of Malaya. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 29(2), 79–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, G. de. G. (1956b). Recent archaeological discoveries in Malaya (1955). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 29(1), 200–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sieveking, G. de. G. (1962). The prehistoric cemetery at Bukit Tengku Lembu, Perlis. Federation Museums Journal, 7, 25–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell, C. A. R. D. (1949). Human skeletal remains from Gol Ba’it, Sungai Siput, Perak, Malay Peninsula. Acta Neerlandica Morphologiae Normaliset Pathologicae, 6(4), 353–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim, II, W. G. (1959). Two major problems in Bornean (and Asian) ethnology and archaeology. Sarawak Museum Journal 9(13–14), 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim, II, W. G. (1961). Archaeology in Borneo. Archaeology, 14(1), 23–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim, II, W. G. (1965). The prehistoric earthenware of Tanjung Kubor, Santubong. Sarawak Museum Journal, 12(25–25), 1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim, II, W. G. (1973a). Review of the prehistory of Sabah by Tom & Barbara Harrisson. Journal of Oriental Studies, 181–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim II, W. G. (1973b). Review of the prehistory of Sabah by Tom & Barbara Harrisson. Journal of Archaeology Science, XXXII(4), 746–748.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim, II, W. G. (1974). Borneo archaeology, past and future. Sabah Society Journal, 6(1), 27–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim, II, W. G. (1983). Archaeological research in Sarawak, past and future. Sarawak Museum Journal (New Series), XXXII(53)(3), 35–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim, II, W. G., Barbara, H., & Lindsey, W. (1959). Niah ‘Three Colour Ware’ and related pottery from Borneo. Asian Perspectives, 3(2), 167–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solheim II, W. G., Floyd, W., & Wheeler, J. A. (1985). Archaeology in Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore. In J. A. Lent, & K. Mulliner, (Eds.), Malaysian studies: Archaeology histography, geography and bibliography (Occasional Paper, number 11) (pp. 1–83). Detroit: Center for Southeast Asian Studies Northern Illinois University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuhaimi, N. H (1984). Art, archaeology and the early kingdoms in the Malay and Sumatra: C. 400–1400 AD. Ph.D. Thesis, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuhaimi, N. H. (1987). A decade of prehistoric archaeology in Malaysia, 1976–1986: An overview. In Proceedings of the SPAFA Seminar in Prehistory of Southeast Asia. Final Report. Bangkok: Proceedings of the SPAFA Seminar in Prehistory of Southeast Asia (pp. 221–229).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuhaimi, N. H. (1990). The Kingdom of Srivijaya as a socio-political and cultural entity. In J. Kathirithambi-Wells & J. Villiers (Eds.), The Southeast Asian port and polity: Rise and demise (pp. 61–82). Singapore: Singapore University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuhaimi, N. H. (1993). Pre-modern cities in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatera. Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia, 6, 63–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuhaimi, N. H. (1995). Arkeologi di Malaysia: Antara matlamat dan realiti. Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia, 8, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuhaimi, N. H. (Ed.). (1998). The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, Volume 4: Early History. Kuala Lumpur: Editions Didier Millet.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuhaimi, N.H. (Ed.). (2008). Lembah Bujang dari perspektif arkeologi dan pelancongan. Malaysia: Institut Alam Dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuhaimi, N.H. & Yatim, O.M. (1990). Antiquities of Bujang Valley. Kuala Lumpur: Museum Association of Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, M. (1958). Excavations in Kedah and Province Wellesley. Journal of Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society, 31(1), 188–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taha, A. H. (1985). The re-excavation of the rock-shelter of Gua Cha, Ulu Kelantan, West Malaysia. Monograph Federation Museums Journal. Volume 30. Kuala Lumpur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taha, A. H. (1987). Archaeology in peninsular Malaysia: Past, present and future. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 18(2), 205–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taha, A. H. (1991). Gua Cha and the archaeology of the Orang Asli. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 2(11), 363–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taha, A. H. (2007). Archaeology of Ulu Kelantan. Malaysia: Department of Museums.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, N. H., & Chia, S. (2010). New rock art from Gua Tambun, Perak. Malaysia. Rock Art Research, 27(1), 9–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, N. H., & Chia, S. (2011). Current research on rock art at Gua Tambun, Perak, Malaysia. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 31, 93–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tan, N. H., & Chia, S. (2012). Revisiting the rock arts at Gua Tambun, Perak, Malaysia. In M. L. Tjoa-Bonatz, A. Reinecke & D. Bonatz, (Eds.), Crossing Borders: Selected Papers from the 13th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists (Vol. 1, pp. 181–198). Singapore: National University Singapore Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trevor, J. C., & Brothwell, D. R. (1962). The human remains of Mesolithic and Neolithic date from Gua Cha, Kelantan. Federation Museums Journal, 7, 6–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tweedie, M. W. F. (1936). Report on excavations carried out in Bukit Chintamani near Bentong, Pahang. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum (Series B), 1, 17–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tweedie, M. W. F. (1940). Report on excavations in Kelantan. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 18(2), 1–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tweedie, M. W. F. (1953). The Stone Age in Malaya. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 26(2), 1–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tweedie, M. W. F. (1970). Prehistoric Malaya. Singapore: Eastern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tykot, R. H., & Chia, S. (1997). Long-distance obsidian trade in Indonesia. In P. Vandiver, J. Druzik, J. Merkel & J. Stewart, (Eds.), Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology V. Volume 462. Symposium proceedings of the Materials Research Society (pp. 175–180). Warrendale, PA: Symposium proceedings of the Materials Research Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Callenfels, P. V. S. (1936). An excavation of three kitchen shell middens at Guak Kepak, Province Wellesley, Straits Settlement. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum (Series B) 1, 27–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Callenfels, P. V. S., & Evans, I. H. N. (1928). Report on cave excavation in Perak. Journal of the Federated Malay State Museums, 12(6), 145–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Callenfels, P. V. S, & Noone, H. D. (1940). Report on an excavation in the rock-shelter Gol Ba’it, near Sungai Siput (Perak). In Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the Prehistory of Far East (pp.119–130). Singapore: Proceedings of the 3rd Congress of the Prehistory of Far East.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandiver, P., & Chia, S. (1997). The pottery technology from Bukit Tengkorak, a 3000–5000 year-old site in Borneo, Malaysia. In P. Vandiver, J. Druzik, J. Merkel, & J. Stewart, (Eds.), Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology V. Symposium proceedings of the Materials Research Society (Vol. 462, pp. 269–277). Warrendale, PA: Symposium proceedings of the Materials Research Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, D., & Sieveking, A. (1962). The Palaeolithic industry of Kota Tampan, Perak, Malaya. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 28, 103–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wall, L. (1962). Prehistoric earthenware: Pottery common to Sarawak and Malaya. Sarawak Museum Journal, 10, 417–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, R. J. (1939). The Bernam slab-graves. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 17(1), 134–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams-Hunt, P. D. R. (1951). Recent archaeological discoveries in Malaya (1945–1950). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 24(1), 186–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams-Hunt, P. D. R. (1952). Recent archaeological discoveries in Malaya (1951). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25(1), 181–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wray, L. (1897). The cave dwellers of Perak. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain & Ireland AI 26, 36–47. Reprinted in Perak Museum Notes, 2, 17–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wray, L. (1905). Further notes on the cave dwellers of Perak. Journal of Federated Malay States Museums, 1(1), 13–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zolkurnian, H. (1998). Urutan kebudayaan prasejarah Lembah Lenggong, Hulu Perak, Perak pada Zaman Holosen. M.A. thesis, Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen Chia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Chia, S. (2017). A History of Archaeology in Malaysia. In: Habu, J., Lape, P., Olsen, J. (eds) Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6521-2_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6521-2_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6519-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6521-2

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics