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Emerging Roles of YAP/TAZ in Mechanobiology

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Molecular and Cellular Mechanobiology

Part of the book series: Physiology in Health and Disease ((PIHD))

Abstract

Understanding mechanotransduction is a major goal in the field of mechanobiology. YAP, and its paralog TAZ, are transcription coactivators at the core of the canonical Hippo signaling pathway. Recent studies have identified YAP/TAZ as both mechano-sensors and -transducers that respond to multiple extracellular mechanical signals and relay them to downstream transcriptional signals to regulate cell functions. In this chapter, we discuss how different types of mechanical cues, including the actin cytoskeleton, substrate rigidity, and external mechanical forces, mediate YAP/TAZ activities. We also discuss some possible mechanosensitive molecular machineries that function upstream of YAP/TAZ to control their mechanotransductive properties.

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Abbreviations

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

hESCs:

Human embryonic stem cells

hMSCs :

Human mesenchymal stem cells

Lats:

Large tumor suppressor

ROCK:

Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase

TAZ:

PDZ-binding motif

YAP:

Yes associated protein

Mechanotransduction:

Biological processes whereby cells convert mechanical stimuli into intracellular biochemical responses

Focal adhesion (FA):

Adhesion sites for cell attachment to the ECM where intracellular actin filaments can link to ECM proteins through transmembrane proteins such as integrins.

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Acknowledgement

Our research work is supported by the National Science Foundation (CMMI 1129611 and CBET 1149401), the National Institutes of Health (R21 HL114011, R21 EB017078, and R01 EB019436), the American Heart Association (12SDG12180025), and the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. The Lurie Nanofabrication Facility at the University of Michigan, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN) funded by the National Science Foundation, is acknowledged for support in microfabrication. Finally, we extend our apologies to all colleagues in the field whose work we are unable to discuss formally because of space constraints.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Yubing Sun, Yue Shao, Xufeng Xue & Jianping Fu

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Jianping Fu

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  1. Yubing Sun
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  2. Yue Shao
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  3. Xufeng Xue
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Correspondence to Jianping Fu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Professor of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Shu Chien

  2. Associate Professor of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Adam J. Engler

  3. Associate Professor of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Peter Yingxiao Wang

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Sun, Y., Shao, Y., Xue, X., Fu, J. (2016). Emerging Roles of YAP/TAZ in Mechanobiology. In: Chien, S., Engler, A., Wang, P. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Mechanobiology. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-5617-3_4

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