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Immunotherapy in Melanoma

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Genetics of Melanoma

Part of the book series: Cancer Genetics ((CANGENETICS))

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Abstract

Clinical and laboratory observations suggest that host immunity may influence the course of melanoma progression, rationalizing the investigation of immunotherapeutic approaches in this disease. Areas of active investigation have included the use of recombinant cytokines, either alone or in combination with other biologic response modifiers, cancer vaccines, gene therapy, adoptive immunotherapy, or monoclonal antibodies. Although cytokine therapies of interferon alpha (IFN) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) are effective in only a small percentage of patients, the results can be quite dramatic and durable.

Resistance to immunotherapy has been documented to result from a number of immunoevasive maneuvers used by cancer cells. The most effective defense mounted by cancer cells is accomplished through hijacking the host’s complex check and balance system governing peripheral tolerance—the mechanism operated by numerous immune checkpoint molecules to prevent autoimmune attacks on normal tissues. The strategy of using monoclonal antibodies to block the inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) has been shown to restore effective host immunity against melanoma.

This chapter will focus on the use of cytokines and immune checkpoint-targeted antibodies in the management of patients with advanced melanoma.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Van A. Trinh PharmD & Wen-Jen Hwu MD, PhD

  2. Ritz Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, South Korea

    Yeorim Ahn MD

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  1. Van A. Trinh PharmD
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  3. Wen-Jen Hwu MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Wen-Jen Hwu MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chief of Dermatopathology Section, Associate Professor of Pathology and Der, Houston, Texas, USA

    Carlos A. Torres-Cabala

  2. The University of Texas MD Anderson Canc, Associate Professor of Pathology and Der, Houston, Texas, USA

    Jonathan L. Curry

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Trinh, V.A., Ahn, Y., Hwu, WJ. (2016). Immunotherapy in Melanoma. In: Torres-Cabala, C., Curry, J. (eds) Genetics of Melanoma. Cancer Genetics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3554-3_10

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