Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Supernova Remnants Interacting with Molecular Clouds: X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Signatures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Multi-scale Structure Formation and Dynamics in Cosmic Plasmas

Part of the book series: Space Sciences Series of ISSI ((SSSI,volume 51))

Abstract

The giant molecular clouds (MCs) found in the Milky Way and similar galaxies play a crucial role in the evolution of these systems. The supernova explosions that mark the death of massive stars in these regions often lead to interactions between the supernova remnants (SNRs) and the clouds. These interactions have a profound effect on our understanding of SNRs. Shocks in SNRs should be capable of accelerating particles to cosmic ray (CR) energies with efficiencies high enough to power Galactic CRs. X-ray and \(\gamma\)-ray studies have established the presence of relativistic electrons and protons in some SNRs and provided strong evidence for diffusive shock acceleration as the primary acceleration mechanism, including strongly amplified magnetic fields, temperature and ionization effects on the shock-heated plasmas, and modifications to the dynamical evolution of some systems. Because protons dominate the overall energetics of the CRs, it is crucial to understand this hadronic component even though electrons are much more efficient radiators and it can be difficult to identify the hadronic component. However, near MCs the densities are sufficiently high to allow the \(\gamma\)-ray emission to be dominated by protons. Thus, these interaction sites provide some of our best opportunities to constrain the overall energetics of these particle accelerators. Here we summarize some key properties of interactions between SNRs and MCs, with an emphasis on recent X-ray and \(\gamma\)-ray studies that are providing important constraints on our understanding of cosmic rays in our Galaxy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • A.A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet et al., Fermi LAT discovery of extended gamma-ray emission in the direction of supernova remnant W51C. Astrophys. J. Lett. 706, 1–6 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.A. Abdo, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet et al., Gamma-ray emission from the shell of supernova remnant W44 revealed by the Fermi LAT. Science 327, 1103 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • V.A. Acciari, E. Aliu, T. Arlen, T. Aune, M. Bautista et al., Observation of extended very high energy emission from the supernova remnant IC 443 with VERITAS. Astrophys. J. Lett. 698, 133–137 (2009). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/L133

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Allafort, L. Baldini, J. Ballet et al., Detection of the characteristic pion-decay signature in supernova remnants. Science 339, 807–811 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • F.A. Aharonian, L.O. Drury, H.J. Voelk, GeV/TeV gamma-ray emission from dense molecular clouds overtaken by supernova shells. Astron. Astrophys. 285, 645–647 (1994)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • F. Aharonian, A.G. Akhperjanian, A.R. Bazer-Bachi, B. Behera, M. Beilicke et al., Discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission coincident with molecular clouds in the W 28 (G6.4-0.1) field. Astron. Astrophys. 481, 401–410 (2008). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077765

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • K. Auchettl, P. Slane, D. Castro, Fermi-LAT observations of supernova remnants Kesteven 79. Astrophys. J. 783, 32 (2014). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/783/1/32

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Blandford, D. Eichler, Particle acceleration at astrophysical shocks: a theory of cosmic ray origin. Phys. Rep. 154, 1–75 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • F. Bocchino, A.M. Bykov, XMM-Newton study of hard X-ray sources in IC 443. Astron. Astrophys. 400, 203–211 (2003). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021858

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • F. Bocchino, M. Miceli, E. Troja, On the metal abundances inside mixed-morphology supernova remnants: the case of IC 443 and G166.0+4.3. Astron. Astrophys. 498, 139–145 (2009). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810742

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • F. Bocchino, A.M. Bykov, Y. Chen, A.M. Krassilchtchikov, K.P. Levenfish, M. Miceli, G.G. Pavlov, Y.A. Uvarov, X. Zhou, A population of isolated hard X-ray sources near the supernova remnant Kes 69. Astron. Astrophys. 541, 152 (2012). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219005

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • C.L. Brogan, D.A. Frail, W.M. Goss, T.H. Troland, OH Zeeman magnetic field detections toward five supernova remnants using the VLA. Astrophys. J. 537, 875–890 (2000). doi:10.1086/309068

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • C.L. Brogan, W.M. Goss, T.R. Hunter, A.M.S. Richards, C.J. Chandler, J.S. Lazendic, B.-C. Koo, I.M. Hoffman, M.J. Claussen, OH (1720 MHz) masers: a multiwavelength study of the interaction between the W51C supernova remnant and the W51B star forming region. Astrophys. J. 771, 91 (2013). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/771/2/91

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.G. Burton, T.R. Geballe, P.W.J.L. Brand, A.S. Webster, Shocked molecular hydrogen in the supernova remnant IC 443. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 231, 617–634 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.G. Burton, C. Braiding, C. Glueck, P. Goldsmith, J. Hawkes, D.J. Hollenbach, C. Kulesa, C.L. Martin, J.L. Pineda, G. Rowell, R. Simon, A.A. Stark, J. Stutzki, N.J.H. Tothill, J.S. Urquhart, C. Walker, A.J. Walsh, M. Wolfire, The Mopra southern galactic plane CO survey. Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. 30, 44 (2013). doi:10.1017/pasa.2013.22

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Bykov, X-ray line emission from supernova ejecta fragments. Astron. Astrophys. 390, 327–335 (2002). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020694

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Bykov, A.M. Krassilchtchikov, Y.A. Uvarov, H. Bloemen, F. Bocchino, G.M. Dubner, E.B. Giacani, G.G. Pavlov, Isolated X-ray-infrared sources in the region of interaction of the supernova remnant IC 443 with a molecular cloud. Astrophys. J. 676, 1050–1063 (2008). doi:10.1086/529117

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Bykov, M.A. Malkov, J.C. Raymond, A.M. Krassilchtchikov, A.E. Vladimirov, Collisionless shocks in partly ionized plasma with cosmic rays: microphysics of non-thermal components. Space Sci. Rev. 178, 599–632 (2013a). doi:10.1007/s11214-013-9984-7

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Bykov, A. Brandenburg, M.A. Malkov, S.M. Osipov, Microphysics of cosmic ray driven plasma instabilities. Space Science Reviews (2013b)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Cassam-Chenaï, J.P. Hughes, E.M. Reynoso, C. Badenes, D. Moffett, Morphological evidence for azimuthal variations of the cosmic-ray ion acceleration at the blast wave of SN 1006. Astrophys. J. 680, 1180–1197 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G. Castelletti, G. Dubner, T. Clarke, N.E. Kassim, High-resolution radio study of SNR IC 443 at low radio frequencies. Astron. Astrophys. 534, 21 (2011). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016081

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D. Castro, P. Slane, Fermi large area telescope observations of supernova remnants interacting with molecular clouds. Astrophys. J. 717, 372–378 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D. Castro, P. Slane, D.C. Ellison, D.J. Patnaude, Fermi-LAT observations and a broadband study of supernova remnant CTB 109. Astrophys. J. 756, 88 (2012). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/88

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D. Castro, P. Slane, A. Carlton, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, Fermi-LAT observations of supernova remnants interacting with molecular clouds: W41, MSH 17-39, and G337.7-0.1. Astrophys. J. 774, 36 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Chen, P.O. Slane, ASCA observations of the thermal composite supernova remnant 3C 391. Astrophys. J. 563, 202–208 (2001). doi:10.1086/323886

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Chen, Y. Su, P.O. Slane, Q.D. Wang, A Chandra ACIS view of the thermal composite supernova remnant 3C 391. Astrophys. J. 616, 885–894 (2004). doi:10.1086/425152

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Chen, B. Jiang, P. Zhou, Y. Su, X. Zhou, H. Li, X. Zhang, Molecular environments of supernova remnants, in IAU Symposium, vol. 296, ed. by A. Ray, R.A. McCray (2014), pp. 170–177. Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System. doi:10.1017/S1743921313009423.

    Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Chevalier, Supernova remnants in molecular clouds. Astrophys. J. 511, 798–811 (1999). doi:10.1086/306710

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.F. Cioffi, C.F. McKee, E. Bertschinger, Dynamics of radiative supernova remnants. Astrophys. J. 334, 252–265 (1988). doi:10.1086/166834

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.J. Claussen, D.A. Frail, W.M. Goss, R.A. Gaume, Polarization observations of 1720 MHz OH masers toward the three supernova remnants W28, W44, and IC 443. Astrophys. J. 489, 143 (1997). doi:10.1086/304784

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • F.R. Colomb, G. Dubner, Neutral hydrogen associated with southern supernova remnants. II—Lupus Loop. Astron. Astrophys. 112, 141–148 (1982)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.P. Cox, The three-phase interstellar medium revisited. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 43, 337–385 (2005). doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.43.072103.150615

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.P. Cox, R.L. Shelton, W. Maciejewski, R.K. Smith, T. Plewa, A. Pawl, M. Różyczka, Modeling W44 as a supernova remnant in a density gradient with a partially formed dense shell and thermal conduction in the hot interior. I. The analytical model. Astrophys. J. 524, 179–191 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • T.M. Dame, D. Hartmann, P. Thaddeus, The Milky Way in molecular clouds: a new complete CO survey. Astrophys. J. 547, 792–813 (2001). doi:10.1086/318388

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • L.K. Denoyer, M.A. Frerking, Some new results on shock chemistry in IC 443. Astrophys. J. Lett. 246, 37–40 (1981). doi:10.1086/183548

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Dubner, F.R. Colomb, E.B. Giacani, 1410 MHz continuum and H I line observations towards the SNR G296.5+10.0 and nearby sources—evidences of two SNRs tunneling through the interstellar medium. Astron. J. 91, 343–353 (1986). doi:10.1086/114015

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Dubner, M. Holdaway, W.M. Goss, I.F. Mirabel, A high-resolution radio study of the W50-SS 433 system and the surrounding medium. Astron. J. 116, 1842–1855 (1998a). doi:10.1086/300537

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Dubner, A.J. Green, W.M. Goss, D.C.-J. Bock, E. Giacani, Neutral hydrogen in the direction of the VELA supernova remnant. Astron. J. 116, 813–822 (1998b). doi:10.1086/300466

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G.M. Dubner, E.B. Giacani, W.M. Goss, A.J. Green, L.-Å. Nyman, The neutral gas environment of the young supernova remnant SN 1006 (G327.6+14.6). Astron. Astrophys. 387, 1047–1056 (2002). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020365

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.C. Ellison, A.M. Bykov, Gamma-ray emission of accelerated particles escaping a supernova remnant in a molecular cloud. Astrophys. J. 731, 87 (2011). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/87

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.C. Ellison, E. Moebius, G. Paschmann, Particle injection and acceleration at earth’s bow shock—comparison of upstream and downstream events. Astrophys. J. 352, 376–394 (1990)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.C. Ellison, J. Giacalone, D. Burgess, S.J. Schwartz, Simulations of particle acceleration in parallel shocks: direct comparison between Monte Carlo and one-dimensional hybrid codes. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 21085 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.C. Ellison, D.J. Patnaude, P. Slane, J. Raymond, Efficient cosmic ray acceleration, hydrodynamics, and self-consistent thermal X-ray emission applied to supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946. Astrophys. J. 712, 287–293 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.C. Ellison, P. Slane, D.J. Patnaude, A.M. Bykov, Core-collapse model of broadband emission from SNR RX J1713.7-3946 with thermal X-rays and gamma rays from escaping cosmic rays. Astrophys. J. 744, 39 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.A. Fesen, R.P. Kirshner, Spectrophotometry of the supernova remnant IC 443. Astrophys. J. 242, 1023–1040 (1980). doi:10.1086/158534

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.A. Frail, G.F. Mitchell, OH (1720 MHz) masers as signposts of molecular shocks. Astrophys. J. 508, 690–695 (1998). doi:10.1086/306452

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.A. Frail, W.M. Goss, V.I. Slysh, Shock-excited maser emission from the supernova remnant W28. Astrophys. J. Lett. 424, 111–113 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.A. Frail, W.M. Goss, E.M. Reynoso, E.B. Giacani, A.J. Green, R. Otrupcek, A survey for OH (1720 MHz) maser emission toward supernova remnants. Astron. J. 111, 1651 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • K.É. Gabányi, G. Dubner, E. Giacani, Z. Paragi, S. Frey, Y. Pidopryhora, Very long baseline interferometry search for the radio counterpart of HESS J1943+213. Astrophys. J. 762, 63 (2013). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/63

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • S. Gabici, F.A. Aharonian, S. Casanova, Broad-band non-thermal emission from molecular clouds illuminated by cosmic rays from nearby supernova remnants. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 396, 1629–1639 (2009). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14832.x

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A. Giuliani, M. Cardillo, M. Tavani, Y. Fukui, S. Yoshiike et al., Neutral pion emission from accelerated protons in the supernova remnant W44. Astrophys. J. Lett. 742, 30 (2011)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • O. Gnat, A. Sternberg, Metal-absorption column densities in fast radiative shocks. Astrophys. J. 693, 1514–1542 (2009). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1514

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.R. Graham, N.A. Levenson, J.J. Hester, J.C. Raymond, R. Petre, An X-ray and optical study of the interaction of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant with an interstellar cloud. Astrophys. J. 444, 787–795 (1995). doi:10.1086/175651

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.J. Green, D.A. Frail, W.M. Goss, R. Otrupcek, Continuation of a survey of OH (1720 MHz) maser emission towards supernova remnants. Astron. J. 114, 2058 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.W. Hewitt, F. Yusef-Zadeh, M. Wardle, A survey of hydroxyl toward supernova remnants: evidence for extended 1720 MHz maser emission. Astrophys. J. 683, 189–206 (2008). doi:10.1086/588652

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.H. Heyer, C. Brunt, R.L. Snell, J.E. Howe, F.P. Schloerb, J.M. Carpenter, The five college radio astronomy observatory CO survey of the outer Galaxy. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 115, 241 (1998). doi:10.1086/313086

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • I.M. Hoffman, W.M. Goss, C.L. Brogan, M.J. Claussen, The OH (1720 MHz) supernova remnant masers in W44: MERLIN and VLBA polarization observations. Astrophys. J. 627, 803–812 (2005). doi:10.1086/430419

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D. Hollenbach, C.F. McKee, Molecule formation and infrared emission in fast interstellar shocks. III—results for J shocks in molecular clouds. Astrophys. J. 342, 306–336 (1989). doi:10.1086/167595

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y.-L. Huang, P. Thaddeus, Molecular clouds and supernova remnants in the outer Galaxy. Astrophys. J. 309, 804–821 (1986). doi:10.1086/164649

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Inoue, R. Yamazaki, S.-i. Inutsuka, Y. Fukui, Toward understanding the cosmic-ray acceleration at young supernova remnants interacting with interstellar clouds: possible applications to RX J1713.7-3946. Astrophys. J. 744, 71 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.M. Jackson, J.M. Rathborne, R.Y. Shah, R. Simon, T.M. Bania, D.P. Clemens, E.T. Chambers, A.M. Johnson, M. Dormody, R. Lavoie, M.H. Heyer, The Boston university-five college radio astronomy observatory galactic ring survey. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 163, 145–159 (2006). doi:10.1086/500091

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • B. Jiang, Y. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Su, X. Zhou, S. Safi-Harb, T. DeLaney, Cavity of molecular gas associated with supernova remnant 3C 397. Astrophys. J. 712, 1147–1156 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • S. Katsuda, R. Petre, J.P. Hughes, U. Hwang, H. Yamaguchi, A. Hayato, K. Mori, H. Tsunemi, X-ray measured dynamics of Tycho’s supernova remnant. Astrophys. J. 709, 1387–1395 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.T. Kawasaki, M. Ozaki, F. Nagase, K. Masai, M. Ishida, R. Petre, ASCA observations of the supernova remnant IC 443: thermal structure and detection of overionized plasma. Astrophys. J. 572, 897–905 (2002). doi:10.1086/340383

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • T. Kokusho, T. Nagayama, H. Kaneda, D. Ishihara, H.-G. Lee, T. Onaka, Large-area [Fe II] line mapping of the supernova remnant IC 443 with the IRSF/SIRIUS. Astrophys. J. Lett. 768, 8 (2013). doi:10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L8

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • B.-C. Koo, J.-H. Kang, N.M. McClure-Griffiths, HI 21 cm emission line study of southern galactic supernova remnants. J. Korean Astron. Soc. 37, 61–77 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • B.-C. Koo, J.-J. Lee, F.D. Seward, An ASCA study of the W51 complex. Astron. J. 123, 1629–1638 (2002). doi:10.1086/339179

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • B.-C. Koo, J.-J. Lee, F.D. Seward, D.-S. Moon, Chandra observations of the W51C supernova remnant. Astrophys. J. 633, 946–952 (2005). doi:10.1086/491468

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Kothes, B. Uyaniker, A. Yar, The distance to supernova remnant CTB 109 deduced from its environment. Astrophys. J. 576, 169–175 (2002). doi:10.1086/341545

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.S. Lazendic, P.O. Slane, Enhanced abundances in three large-diameter mixed-morphology supernova remnants. Astrophys. J. 647, 350–366 (2006). doi:10.1086/505380

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.A. Leahy, W.W. Tian, The distance of the SNR Kes 75 and PWN PSR J1846-0258 system. Astron. Astrophys. 480, 25–28 (2008). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079149

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.-J. Lee, B.-C. Koo, M.S. Yun, S. Stanimirović, C. Heiles, M. Heyer, A 21 cm spectral and continuum study of IC 443 using the very large array and the Arecibo telescope. Astron. J. 135, 796–808 (2008). doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/3/796

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.-J. Lee, B.-C. Koo, R.L. Snell, M.S. Yun, M.H. Heyer, M.G. Burton, Identification of ambient molecular clouds associated with galactic supernova remnant IC 443. Astrophys. J. 749, 34 (2012). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/34

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • N.A. Levenson, J.R. Graham, S.L. Snowden, The Cygnus Loop: a soft-shelled supernova remnant. Astrophys. J. 526, 874–880 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • P. Lockett, E. Gauthier, M. Elitzur, OH 1720 megahertz masers in supernova remnants: C-shock indicators. Astrophys. J. 511, 235–241 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • L.A. Lopez, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, C. Badenes, D. Huppenkothen, T.E. Jeltema, D.A. Pooley, Typing supernova remnants using X-ray line emission morphologies. Astrophys. J. Lett. 706, 106–109 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • L.A. Lopez, S. Pearson, E. Ramirez-Ruiz, D. Castro, H. Yamaguchi, P.O. Slane, R.K. Smith, Unraveling the origin of overionized plasma in the galactic supernova remnant W49B. Astrophys. J. 777, 145 (2013). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/145

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M.A. Malkov, L.O. Drury, Nonlinear theory of diffusive acceleration of particles by shock waves. Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 429–481 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.L. McEntaffer, T. Brantseg, Chandra imaging and spectroscopy of the eastern XA region of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant. Astrophys. J. 730, 99 (2011). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/730/2/99

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Miceli, F. Bocchino, A. Decourchelle, J. Ballet, F. Reale, Spatial identification of the overionized plasma in W49B. Astron. Astrophys. 514, 2 (2010). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913713

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Miceli, F. Acero, G. Dubner, A. Decourchelle, S. Orlando, F. Bocchino, Shock-cloud interaction and particle acceleration in the southwestern limb of SN 1006. Astrophys. J. Lett. 782, 33 (2014). doi:10.1088/2041-8205/782/2/L33

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • T.J. Moriya, Progenitors of recombining supernova remnants. Astrophys. J. Lett. 750, 13 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G. Morlino, D. Caprioli, Strong evidence for hadron acceleration in Tycho’s supernova remnant. Astron. Astrophys. 538, 81 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Morrison, D. McCammon, Interstellar photoelectric absorption cross sections, 0.03–10 keV. Astrophys. J. 270, 119–122 (1983). doi:10.1086/161102

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R. Nakamura, A. Bamba, M. Ishida, R. Yamazaki, K. Tatematsu, K. Kohri, G. Pühlhofer, S.J. Wagner, M. Sawada, X-ray spectroscopy of the mixed morphology supernova remnant W28 with XMM-Newton. ArXiv e-prints (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Y. Ohira, K. Murase, R. Yamazaki, Gamma-rays from molecular clouds illuminated by cosmic rays escaping from interacting supernova remnants. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 410, 1577–1582 (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17539.x

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • E. Oliva, D. Lutz, S. Drapatz, A.F.M. Moorwood, ISO-SWS spectroscopy of IC443 and the origin of the IRAS 12 and 25 MU M emission from radiative supernova remnants. Astron. Astrophys. 341, 75–78 (1999)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Ozawa, K. Koyama, H. Yamaguchi, K. Masai, T. Tamagawa, Suzaku discovery of the strong radiative recombination continuum of iron from the supernova remnant W49B. Astrophys. J. Lett. 706, 71–75 (2009). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/706/1/L71

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • T.G. Pannuti, J. Rho, K.J. Borkowski, P.B. Cameron, Mixed-morphology supernova remnants in X-rays: isothermal plasma in HB21 and probable oxygen-rich ejecta in CTB 1. Astron. J. 140, 1787–1805 (2010). doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1787

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G. Park, B.-C. Koo, S.J. Gibson, J.-h. Kang, D.C. Lane, K.A. Douglas, J.E.G. Peek, E.J. Korpela, C. Heiles, J.H. Newton, H I shells and supershells in the I-GALFA H I 21 cm line survey. I. Fast-expanding H I shells associated with supernova remnants. Astrophys. J. 777, 14 (2013). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/777/1/14

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.J. Patnaude, R.A. Fesen, Small-scale X-ray variability in the Cassiopeia a supernova remnant. Astron. J. 133, 147–153 (2007). doi:10.1086/509571

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.L. Pineda, W.D. Langer, T. Velusamy, P.F. Goldsmith, A Herschel [C ii] galactic plane survey. I. The global distribution of ISM gas components. Astron. Astrophys. 554, 103 (2013). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321188

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J.C. Raymond, Shock waves in the interstellar medium. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 39, 1–27 (1979). doi:10.1086/190562

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • W.T. Reach, J. Rho, Excitation and disruption of a giant molecular cloud by the supernova remnant 3C 391. Astrophys. J. 511, 836–846 (1999). doi:10.1086/306703

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • W.T. Reach, J. Rho, T.H. Jarrett, Shocked molecular gas in the supernova remnants W28 and W44: near-infrared and millimeter-wave observations. Astrophys. J. 618, 297–320 (2005). doi:10.1086/425855

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • W.T. Reach, J. Rho, A. Tappe, T.G. Pannuti, C.L. Brogan, E.B. Churchwell, M.R. Meade, B. Babler, R. Indebetouw, B.A. Whitney, A Spitzer space telescope infrared survey of supernova remnants in the inner Galaxy. Astron. J. 131, 1479–1500 (2006). doi:10.1086/499306

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Reynoso, P.F. Velázquez, G.M. Dubner, W.M. Goss, The environs of Tycho’s supernova remnant explored through the H I 21 centimeter line. Astron. J. 117, 1827–1833 (1999). doi:10.1086/300814

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Reynoso, A.J. Green, S. Johnston, G.M. Dubner, E.B. Giacani, W.M. Goss, Observations of the neutral hydrogen surrounding the radio-quiet neutron star RX J0822-4300 in Puppis A. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 671–677 (2003). doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06978.x

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Rho, T.H. Jarrett, R.M. Cutri, W.T. Reach, Near-infrared imaging and [O I] spectroscopy of IC 443 using two micron all sky survey and infrared space observatory. Astrophys. J. 547, 885–898 (2001). doi:10.1086/318398

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Sawada, K. Koyama, X-Ray observations of the supernova remnant W28 with Suzaku. I. spectral study of the recombining plasma. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 64, 81 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Seta, T. Hasegawa, T.M. Dame, S. Sakamoto, T. Oka, T. Handa, M. Hayashi, J.-I. Morino, K. Sorai, K.S. Usuda, Enhanced CO \(J = 2-1/J = 1-0\) ratio as a marker of supernova remnant-molecular cloud interactions: the cases of W44 and IC 443. Astrophys. J. 505, 286–298 (1998). doi:10.1086/306141

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.L. Shelton, K.D. Kuntz, R. Petre, Chandra observations and models of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant W44: global trends. Astrophys. J. 611, 906–918 (2004). doi:10.1086/422352

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.L. Shelton, D.P. Cox, W. Maciejewski, R.K. Smith, T. Plewa, A. Pawl, M. Różyczka, Modeling W44 as a supernova remnant in a density gradient with a partially formed dense shell and thermal conduction in the hot interior. II. The hydrodynamic models. Astrophys. J. 524, 192–212 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • L. Sironi, A. Spitkovsky, J. Arons, The maximum energy of accelerated particles in relativistic collisionless shocks. Astrophys. J. 771, 54 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • P. Slane, R.K. Smith, J.P. Hughes, R. Petre, An X-ray study of the supernova remnant G290.1-0.8. Astrophys. J. 564, 284–290 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • P. Slane, S.-H. Lee, D.C. Ellison, D.J. Patnaude, J.P. Hughes, K.A. Eriksen, D. Castro, S. Nagataki, A CR-hydro-NEI model of the structure and broadband emission from Tycho’s SNR. Astrophys. J. 783, 33–42 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.L. Snell, D. Hollenbach, J.E. Howe, D.A. Neufeld, M.J. Kaufman, G.J. Melnick, E.A. Bergin, Z. Wang, Detection of water in the shocked gas associated with IC 443: constraints on shock models. Astrophys. J. 620, 758–773 (2005). doi:10.1086/427231

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • A.W. Strong, I.V. Moskalenko, O. Reimer, Diffuse continuum gamma rays from the Galaxy. Astrophys. J. 537, 763–784 (2000). doi:10.1086/309038

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • D.F. Torres, A.Y. Rodriguez Marrero, E. de Cea Del Pozo, MAGIC J0616+225 as delayed TeV emission of cosmic rays diffusing from the supernova remnant IC 443. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 387, 59–63 (2008). doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00485.x

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • E. Troja, F. Bocchino, M. Miceli, F. Reale, XMM-Newton observations of the supernova remnant IC 443. II. Evidence of stellar ejecta in the inner regions. Astron. Astrophys. 485, 777–785 (2008). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20079123

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • H. Uchida, K. Koyama, H. Yamaguchi, M. Sawada, T. Ohnishi, T.G. Tsuru, T. Tanaka, S. Yoshiike, Y. Fukui, Recombining plasma and hard X-ray filament in the mixed-morphology supernova remnant W 44. Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 64, 141 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Uchiyama, F.A. Aharonian, Fast variability of nonthermal X-ray emission in Cassiopeia A: probing electron acceleration in reverse-shocked ejecta. Astrophys. J. Lett. 677, 105–108 (2008). doi:10.1086/588190

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Uchiyama, F.A. Aharonian, T. Tanaka, T. Takahashi, Y. Maeda, Extremely fast acceleration of cosmic rays in a supernova remnant. Nature 449, 576–578 (2007). doi:10.1038/nature06210

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Y. Uchiyama, R.D. Blandford, S. Funk, H. Tajima, T. Tanaka, Gamma-ray emission from crushed clouds in supernova remnants. Astrophys. J. Lett. 723, 122–126 (2010). doi:10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L122

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • E.F. van Dishoeck, D.J. Jansen, T.G. Phillips, Submillimeter observations of the shocked molecular gas associated with the supernova remnant IC 443. Astron. Astrophys. 279, 541–566 (1993)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • P.F. Velázquez, G.M. Dubner, W.M. Goss, A.J. Green, Investigation of the large-scale neutral hydrogen near the supernova remnant W28. Astron. J. 124, 2145–2151 (2002). doi:10.1086/342936

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • J. Vink, Supernova remnants: the X-ray perspective. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 20, 49 (2012). doi:10.1007/s00159-011-0049-1

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Z. Wang, N.Z. Scoville, Strongly shocked interstellar gas in IC 443. I—high-resolution molecular observations. Astrophys. J. 386, 158–169 (1992). doi:10.1086/171001

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • M. Wardle, Enhanced OH in C-type shock waves in molecular clouds. Astrophys. J. Lett. 525, 101–104 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • G.J. White, R. Rainey, S.S. Hayashi, N. Kaifu, Molecular line observations of IC 443—the interaction of a molecular cloud and an interstellar shock. Astron. Astrophys. 173, 337–346 (1987)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • R.L. White, K.S. Long, Supernova remnant evolution in an interstellar medium with evaporating clouds. Astrophys. J. 373, 543–555 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • B.J. Williams, K.J. Borkowski, P. Ghavamian, J.W. Hewitt, S.A. Mao, R. Petre, S.P. Reynolds, J.M. Blondin, Azimuthal density variations around the rim of Tycho’s supernova remnant. Astrophys. J. 770, 129 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • P.F. Winkler, B.J. Williams, S.P. Reynolds, R. Petre, K.S. Long, S. Katsuda, U. Hwang, A high-resolution X-ray and optical study of SN 1006: asymmetric expansion and small-scale structure in a type Ia supernova remnant. Astrophys. J. 781, 65 (2014). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/781/2/65

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • H. Yamaguchi, M. Ozawa, K. Koyama, K. Masai, J.S. Hiraga, M. Ozaki, D. Yonetoku, Discovery of strong radiative recombination continua from the supernova remnant IC 443 with Suzaku. Astrophys. J. Lett. 705, 6–9 (2009). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/L6

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • H. Yamaguchi, M. Tanaka, K. Maeda, P.O. Slane, A. Foster, R.K. Smith, S. Katsuda, R. Yoshii, Elemental abundances in the possible type Ia supernova remnant G344.7-0.1. Astrophys. J. 749, 137 (2012). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/137

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Z. Zhang, Y. Gao, J. Wang, CO observation of SNR IC 443. Sci. China, Phys. Mech. Astron. 53, 1357–1369 (2010). doi:10.1007/s11433-010-4010-5

    ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • V.N. Zirakashvili, V.S. Ptuskin, Diffusive shock acceleration with magnetic amplification by nonresonant streaming instability in supernova remnants. Astrophys. J. 678, 939–949 (2008). doi:10.1086/529580

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Patrick Slane

  2. Ioffe Institute for Physics and Technology, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Andrei Bykov

  3. St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Andrei Bykov

  4. Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Box 8202, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA

    Donald C. Ellison

  5. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE), UBA-CONICET, CC 67, Suc. 28, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Gloria Dubner

  6. MIT-Kavli Center for Astrophysics and Space Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Daniel Castro

Authors
  1. Patrick Slane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrei Bykov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Donald C. Ellison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gloria Dubner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Daniel Castro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrick Slane .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Physics Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

    Andre Balogh

  2. Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Andrei Bykov

  3. Dept of Physics Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

    Jonathan Eastwood

  4. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Res, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Jelle Kaastra

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Slane, P., Bykov, A., Ellison, D.C., Dubner, G., Castro, D. (2016). Supernova Remnants Interacting with Molecular Clouds: X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Signatures. In: Balogh, A., Bykov, A., Eastwood, J., Kaastra, J. (eds) Multi-scale Structure Formation and Dynamics in Cosmic Plasmas. Space Sciences Series of ISSI, vol 51. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3547-5_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3547-5_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3546-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3547-5

  • eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation