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Fetal Tissue Engineering

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Fetal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Although numerous properties and therapeutic applications of fetal cells/tissues have been explored experimentally or clinically for decades, fetal tissue engineering is a fairly recent concept. It involves the procurement of fetal cells, which are then processed to engineer tissue in parallel to the remainder of gestation, so that an infant, or a fetus, with a prenatally diagnosed birth defect can benefit from having autologous, expanded tissue readily available for surgical implantation before or after birth. Fetal annexes such as the amniotic fluid, placenta, and umbilical cord have been shown to provide minimally invasive access to unique fetal progenitor cell populations that are quite conducive to tissue engineering. Despite encouraging results in large animal models, controlled clinical trials involving fetal tissue engineering have yet to be reported. At the same time, it has been shown experimentally that many complications of tissue engineering can be better managed, if not totally prevented, when fetal cells are used. Compared with mature cells, fetal cells have multiple properties that render them better options for tissue engineering, such as the fact that they typically proliferate more rapidly, are more plastic in their differentiation potential, frequently produce more angiogenic and trophic factors, tend to be less immunogenic, can survive at lower oxygen tensions, commonly lack strong intercellular adhesions, and display better survival after refrigeration and cryopreservation protocols. Further, the developmental and long-term impacts of tissue implantations into a fetus or neonate are unmatched by implantations in most other age groups. This chapter offers an overview of fetal tissue engineering as a perinatal therapeutic concept, along with general perspectives on fetal cell and tissue transplantation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 110 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    Christina Feng M.D.

  2. Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwod Avenue, Fegan 3, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Dario O. Fauza M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Christina Feng M.D.
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  2. Dario O. Fauza M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Dario O. Fauza M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Childrens Hosp Boston & Harvard Med, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Dario O. Fauza

  2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Med, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicin, OTTAWA, Ontario, Canada

    Mahmud Bani

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Feng, C., Fauza, D.O. (2016). Fetal Tissue Engineering. In: Fauza, D., Bani, M. (eds) Fetal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3483-6_18

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