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Historical Perspectives

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Fetal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Stem cells are a unique cell type which possesses the characteristics of clonality, proliferative capacity, and plasticity. Embryonic and adult stem cells have been objects of intense study, yet each has demonstrated limitations. Fetal stem cells are a relatively newly described category of stem cells with qualities intermediate between embryonic and adult stem cells. Fetal stem cells can be obtained from the tissues of the fetus itself or from the extra-embryonic products of conception including the amniotic fluid and placenta. Many types of fetal stem cells have been isolated, each with characteristics unique to their source and level of fetal development. Some fetal stem cells are already being used in therapeutic applications, and others are in various stages of animal and human trials. The current trajectory of fetal stem cell research, and its relation to embryonic and adult stem cell research, can be more fully appreciated in the context of the historical progress in this area.

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Abbreviations

AEC:

Amniotic epithelial cell

AF-MSC:

Amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cell

AFSC:

Amniotic fluid stem cell

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AMSC:

Amniotic mesenchymal stem cell

ATN:

Acute tubular necrosis

CDH:

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

CMSC:

Chorionic mesenchymal stromal cell

EPC:

Endothelial progenitor cell

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

HLA:

Human leukocyte antigen

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cell

iPC:

Induced pluripotent cell

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MLSC:

Multilineage stem cell

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

PAPC:

Pregnancy-associated progenitor cell

PTFE:

Polytetrafluoroethylene

UCB:

Umbilical cord blood

UCMSC:

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell

VSEL:

Very small embryonic-like stem cell

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 East 19th Ave. Mailstop 8618, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Scott M. Deeney M.D.

  2. Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B 323, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

    Timothy M. Crombleholme M.D.

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  1. Scott M. Deeney M.D.
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  2. Timothy M. Crombleholme M.D.
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Correspondence to Timothy M. Crombleholme M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Childrens Hosp Boston & Harvard Med, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Dario O. Fauza

  2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Med, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicin, OTTAWA, Ontario, Canada

    Mahmud Bani

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Deeney, S.M., Crombleholme, T.M. (2016). Historical Perspectives. In: Fauza, D., Bani, M. (eds) Fetal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3483-6_1

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