Abstract
Isolated attosecond pulses with supercontinuum spectra can be used to study fast electron dynamics in atomic, molecular and condensed matter systems with unprecedented temporal resolution. In this chapter, we present the most recent advances in generation and characterization of the single attosecond pulses at iFAST, including the work demonstrating the world record of a single 67 as pulse. A continuous spectrum supporting 40 as pulses is observed and an MCP filter which can transmit an ultrabroadband supercontinuum covering the entire extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral range is demonstrated. In addition, a high resolution Magnetic-Bottle Energy Spectrometer is proposed to accurately characterize both the temporal profile and pulse contrast of isolated 25 as pulses.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Altucci, C., Starczewski, T., Mevel, E., Wahlström, C.-G., Carré, B., & L’Huillier, A. (1996). Influence of atomic density in high-order harmonic generation. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 13(1), 148. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.13.000148.
Ammosov, M. V., Delone, N. B., & Krainov, V. P. (1986). Tunnel ionization of complex atoms and of atomic ions in an alternating electromagnetic field. Soviet Physics JETP, 64, 1191.
Baker, S., Robinson, J. S., Haworth, C. a, Teng, H., Smith, R. a, Chirila, C. C., … Marangos, J. P. (2006). Probing proton dynamics in molecules on an attosecond time scale. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5772), 424–7. doi:10.1126/science.1123904.
Cao, Z., Jin, F., Dong, J., Yang, Z., Zhan, X., Yuan, Z., … Ding, Y. (2013). Soft x-ray low-pass filter with a square-pore microchannel plate. Optics Letters, 38(9), 1509–11.
Cavalieri, A L., Müller, N., Uphues, T., Yakovlev, V. S., Baltuska, A, Horvath, B., … Heinzmann, U. (2007). Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter. Nature, 449(7165), 1029–32. doi:10.1038/nature06229.
Chang, Z. (2004). Single attosecond pulse and xuv supercontinuum in the high-order harmonic plateau. Phys. Rev. A, 70, 43802.
Chang, Z. (2005). Chirp of the single attosecond pulse generated by a polarization gating. Physical Review A, 71(2), 023813. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.71.023813.
Chang, Z. (2007). Controlling attosecond pulse generation with a double optical gating. Phys. Rev. A, 76, 051403(R).
Chang, Z., & Corkum, P. (2010). Attosecond photon sources: the first decade and beyond [Invited]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 27(11), B9. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.27.0000B9.
Chini, M., Gilbertson, S., Khan, S. D., & Chang, Z. (2010). Characterizing ultrabroadband attosecond lasers. Optics Express, 18(12), 13006–16. doi:10.1364/OE.18.013006.
Chini, M., Mashiko, H., Wang, H., Chen, S., Yun, C., Scott, S., … Chang, Z. (2009a). Delay control in attosecond pump-probe experiments. Opt. Express, 17, 21459.
Chini, M., Wang, H., Khan, S. D., Chen, S., & Chang, Z. (2009b). Retrieval of satellite pulses of single isolated attosecond pulses. Applied Physics Letters, 94(16), 161112. doi:10.1063/1.3125247.
Chini, M., Zhao, K., & Chang, Z. (2014). The generation, characterization and applications of broadband isolated attosecond pulses. Nature Photonics, 8(3), 178–186. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2013.362.
Corkum, P. (1993). Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization. Physical Review Letters, 71(13), 1994–1997. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1994.
Corkum, P. B., Burnett, N. H., & Ivanov, M. Y. (1994). Subfemtosecond pulses. Optics Letters, 19(22), 1870. doi:10.1364/OL.19.001870.
Delong, K. W., Fittinghoff, D. N., Trebino, R., Kohler, B., & Wilson, K. (1994). Pulse retrieval in frequency-resolved optical gating based on the method of generalized projections. Optics Letters, 19(24), 2152–4.
Falcone, R. W., & Bokor, J. (1983). Dichroic beam splitter for extreme-ultraviolet and visible radiation. Optics Letters, 8(1), 21–3.
Feng, X., Gilbertson, S., Mashiko, H., Wang, H., Khan, S. D., Chini, M., … Chang, Z. (2009). Generation of Isolated Attosecond Pulses with 20 to 28 Femtosecond Lasers. Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 183901.
Ferray, M., L’Huillier, A., Li, X. F., Lompre, L. A., Mainfray, G., & Manus, C. (1988). Multiple-harmonic conversion of 1064 nm radiation in rare gases. J. Phys. B, 21, 31.
Frassetto, F., Villoresi, P., & Poletto, L. (2008). Beam separator for high-order harmonic radiation in the 3-10 nm spectral region. Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 25(5), 1104–14.
Gagnon, J., & Yakovlev, V. S. (2009). The robustness of attosecond streaking measurements. Optics Express, 17(20), 17678–93.
Gilbertson, S., Mashiko, H., Li, C., Khan, S. D., Shakya, M. M., Moon, E., & Chang, Z. (2008). A low-loss, robust setup for double optical gating of high harmonic generation. Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 71109.
Gilbertson, S., Wu, Y., Khan, S. D., Chini, M., Zhao, K., Feng, X., & Chang, Z. (2010). Isolated attosecond pulse generation using multicycle pulses directly from a laser amplifier. Phys. Rev. A, 81, 43810.
Goulielmakis, E., Schultze, M., Hofstetter, M., Yakovlev, V. S., Gagnon, J., Uiberacker, M., … Kleineberg, U. (2008). Single-Cycle Nonlinear Optics. Science, 320, 1614.
Henke, B. L., Gullikson, E. M., & Davis, J. C. (1993). X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 54(2), 181–342. doi:10.1006/adnd.1993.1013.
Hentschel, M., Kienberger, R., Spielmann, C., Reider, G. A, Milosevic, N., Brabec, T., … Krausz, F. (2001). Attosecond metrology. Nature, 414(6863), 509–13. doi:10.1038/35107000.
Huillier, A. L., Lewenstein, M., Salieres, P., & Balcou, P. (1993). High-order harmonic-generation cutoff, 48(5), 69–72.
Itatani, J., Quéré, F., Yudin, G. L., Ivanov, M. Y., Krausz, F., & Corkum, P. B. (2002). Attosecond Streak Camera. Phys. Rev. Lett., 88, 173903.
Kennedy, D., & Manson, S. (1972). Photoionization of the Noble Gases: Cross Sections and Angular Distributions. Physical Review A, 5(1), 227–247. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.5.227.
Kienberger, R., Goulielmakis, E., Uiberacker, M., Baltuska, A., Yakovlev, V., Bammer, F., … Krausz, F. (2004). Atomic transient recorder. Nature, 427, 817.
Ko, D. H., Kim, K. T., & Nam, C. H. (2012). Attosecond-chirp compensation with material dispersion to produce near transform-limited attosecond pulses. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 45(7), 074015. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/45/7/074015.
Kruit, P., & Read, F. H. (1983). Magnetic field paralleliser for 2π electron-spectrometer and electron-image magnifier. J. Phys. E, 16, 313.
López-Martens, R., Varjú, K., Johnsson, P., Mauritsson, J., Mairesse, Y., Salières, P., … L’Huillier, A. (2005). Amplitude and Phase Control of Attosecond Light Pulses. Physical Review Letters, 94(3), 033001. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.033001.
Mairesse, Y., & Quéré, F. (2005). Frequency-resolved optical gating for complete reconstruction of attosecond bursts. Phys. Rev. A, 71, 011401(R).
Mashiko, H., Gilbertson, S., Li, C., Khan, S. D., Shakya, M. M., Moon, E., & Chang, Z. (2008). Double Optical Gating of High-Order Harmonic Generation with Carrier-Envelope Phase Stabilized Lasers. Physical Review Letters, 100(10), 103906. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.103906.
McPherson, A., Gibson, G., Jara, H., Johann, U., Luk, T. S., McIntyre, I. A., … Rhodes, C. K. (1987). Studies of multiphoton production of vacuum-ultraviolet radiation in the rare gases. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 4(4), 595. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.4.000595.
Paul, P. M., Toma, E. S., Breger, P., Mullot, G., Auge, F., Balcou, P., … Agostini, P. (2001). Observation of a train of attosecond pulses from high harmonic generation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5522), 1689–92. doi:10.1126/science.1059413.
Peatross, J., Chaloupka, J. L., & Meyerhofer, D. D. (1994). High-order harmonic generation with an annular laser beam. Optics Letters, 19(13), 942–4. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19844495.
Pfeifer, T., Abel, M. J., Nagel, P. M., Jullien, A., Loh, Z.-H., Justine Bell, M., … Leone, S. R. (2008). Time-resolved spectroscopy of attosecond quantum dynamics. Chemical Physics Letters, 463(1-3), 11–24. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.059.
Platonenko, V. T., & Strelkov, V. V. (1999). Single attosecond soft-x-ray pulse generated with a limited laser beam. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 16(3), 435. doi:10.1364/JOSAB.16.000435.
Popmintchev, T., Chen, M.-C., Popmintchev, D., Arpin, P., Brown, S., Alisauskas, S., … Kapteyn, H. C. (2012). Bright coherent ultrahigh harmonics in the keV x-ray regime from mid-infrared femtosecond lasers. Science (New York, N.Y.), 336(6086), 1287–91. doi:10.1126/science.1218497.
Porras, M. A., Horvath, Z. L., & Major, B. (2012). On the use of lenses to focus few-cycle pulses with controlled carrier–envelope phase. Applied Physics B, 108(3), 521–531. doi:10.1007/s00340-012-5073-y.
Sansone, G., Benedetti, E., Calegari, F., Vozzi, C., Avaldi, L., Flammini, R., Nisoli, M. (2006). Isolated single-cycle attosecond pulses. Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5798), 443–6. doi:10.1126/science.1132838.
Sansone, G., Kelkensberg, F., Pérez-Torres, J. F., Morales, F., Kling, M. F., Siu, W., … Vrakking, M. J. J. (2010). Electron localization following attosecond molecular photoionization. Nature, 465, 763.
Seres, J., Seres, E., Verhoef, A. J., Tempea, G., Streli, C., Wobrauschek, P., … Krausz, F. (2005). Laser technology: source of coherent kiloelectronvolt X-rays. Nature, 433(7026), 596. doi:10.1038/433596a.
Shan, B., & Chang, Z. (2001). Dramatic extension of the high-order harmonic cutoff by using a long-wavelength driving field. Physical Review A, 65(1), 011804. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.65.011804.
Takahashi, E. J., Hasegawa, H., Nabekawa, Y., & Midorikawa, K. (2004). beam splitter for high-order harmonics in the extreme-ultraviolet region, 29(5), 507–509.
Trebino, R., Delong, K. W., Fittinghoff, D. N., Sweetser, J. N., Richman, B. A., Krumbu, M. A., & Kane, D. J. (1997). REVIEW ARTICLE Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating, 68(9), 3277–3295.
Tsuboi, T., Xu, E. Y., Bae, Y. K., & Gillen, K. T. (1988). Magnetic bottle electron spectrometer using permanent magnets. Review of Scientific Instruments, 59(8), 1357. doi:10.1063/1.1139722.
Wang, H., Chini, M., Khan, S. D., Chen, S., Gilbertson, S., Feng, X., … Chang, Z. (2009). Practical issues of retrieving isolated attosecond pulses. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 42(13), 134007. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/42/13/134007.
Zhao, K., Zhang, Q., Chini, M., Wu, Y., Wang, X., & Chang, Z. (2012). Tailoring a 67 attosecond pulse through advantageous phase-mismatch. Optics Letters, 37(18), 3891. doi:10.1364/OL.37.003891.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the contributions of Michael Chini for the PROOF algorithm development and Yi Wu and Eric Cunningham for maintaining the laser. The work is funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number 1068604, Army Research Office and the DARPA PULSE program by a grant from AMRDEC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhang, Q., Zhao, K., Chang, Z. (2016). Attosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Supercontinuum. In: The Supercontinuum Laser Source. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3326-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3326-6_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3324-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3326-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)