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Chapter 8 Wear

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Abstract

Biomaterials used in the fabrication of implants are subjected to wear. Wear of biomaterials and devices has been shown to be detrimental to their long term success resulting in implant retrieval and revision. One of the most dramatic impacts of the wear of biomaterials and its consequences is observed with artificial joints. As stated by Jacobs et ai., (1994) wear has emerged as a central problem limiting the long-term longevity of total joint replacements. Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear debris has been shown by many authors to trigger an osteolytic reaction which leads to implant loosening (Mittlmeier and rial involving many diverse mechanisms and phenomena which are often unpredictable (Table 8.1). The wear process of materials is predominantly governed by their mechanical and/or chemical behavior. More often than not, the wear processes listed in Table 8.1 do not act independently. However, even though several wear mechanisms are involved, it is often the case that one particular mechanism dominates (Dowson, 1981).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, 301 Rhodes Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634-0905, USA

    M. LaBerge (Associate Professor) & J. D. Desjardins

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  1. M. LaBerge
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  2. J. D. Desjardins
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin Department of Biomedical Engineering and, MADISON, Wisconsin, USA

    William Murphy

  2. King of Prussia, Principal: IMN Biomaterials King of Prussia, King of Prussia, PA, New York, USA

    Jonathan Black

  3. Staffordshire University (Emeritus), Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom

    Garth Hastings

Additional Reading

Additional Reading

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    Clarke, I.C. and McKellop, H.A. (1986) Wear Testing in Handbook of Biomaterials Evaluation (A.F. von Recum, Ed.) Macmillan Publishing Co., New York. pp. 114–130. A concise review of testing protocols used for wear testing of cardiovascular, orthopaedic, and dental implants. Introduces some of the technical parameters involved in the understanding and measurement of wear performance.

  2. 2.

    Dumbleton, J.H. (1981) Tribology of natural and artificial joints. Elsevier, New York. An excellent critical review of testing parameters and conditions for wear and friction of orthopaedic materials.

  3. 3.

    Baykal, D., Siskey, R.S., Haider, H., Saikko, V., Ahlroos, T., Kurtz, S.M. (2014) Advances in tribological testing of artificial joint biomaterials using multidirectional pin-on-disk testers. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 31, 117–134.

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    Lewis, G. (1997). Polyethylene wear in total hip and knee arthroplasties. Journal of biomedical materials research, 38(1), 55–75.

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    Bracco, P., & Oral, E. (2011). Vitamin E-stabilized UHMWPE for total joint implants: a review. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research ®, 469(8), 2286–2293.

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    Brown, S. S., & Clarke, I. C. (2006). A review of lubrication conditions for wear simulation in artificial hip replacements. Tribology transactions, 49(1), 72–78.

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    Hoeppner, D. W., & Chandrasekaran, V. (1994). Fretting in orthopaedic implants: a review. Wear, 173(1), 189–197.

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LaBerge, M., Desjardins, J.D. (2016). Chapter 8 Wear. In: Murphy, W., Black, J., Hastings, G. (eds) Handbook of Biomaterial Properties. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3305-1_24

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