Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) in the Gulf of Mexico

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Listening in the Ocean

Part of the book series: Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing ((MASP))

Abstract

The Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC) was formed in early 2001 to utilize Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) buoys developed by the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) which has provided technical guidance and support to LADC. The purpose of LADC is to make environmental measurements, which is not part of the mission of NAVOCEANO. This chapter describes the Gulf of Mexico marine mammal measurements and related data analysis of LADC. LADC has also used the buoys to characterize the three-dimensional acoustic field of a seismic airgun array and to analyze the noise due to nearby storms. LADC is a consortium of scientists from universities and the U.S. Navy. The following institutions are or have been represented: initially, the University of New Orleans, the University of Southern Mississippi, and the Naval Research Laboratory-Stennis Space Center; and then the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, the Applied Research Laboratories at the University of Texas at Austin, and Oregon State University. The scientists are listed in the first section of the chapter. A technical overview of EARS technology is given in Sect. 6.2. The current Generation 2 EARS buoys can record four channels of up to 25 kHz each or one channel up to 96 kHz.

LADC has conducted marine mammal experiments in the Gulf of Mexico in 2001, 2002, 2007, and 2010. The 2007 experiments were at sites 9 and 23 miles from the Macondo Well Oil Spill. These sites as well as the 2001 and 2002 sites were recorded in the 2010 experiment to measure changes related to earlier measurements. LADC has also done seismic airgun array experiments in 2003 and 2007. The marine mammal experiments are summarized in Sect. 3, where experiments in the Mediterranean Sea, which had LADC participation, are also listed.

The remaining Sects. 6.4 through 6.11 describe the analysis to date of LADC data and also the analysis by LADC scientists of workshop data for detection, classification, and localization purposes. Section 6.4 describes sperm whale click structure analysis for click-train demarcation and identification of individual whales. The tendency of whales diving together to establish different cadences for their echolocation clicks to keep from interfering with each other is presented in Sect. 6.5. The identification of individual whales by clustering echolocation clicks of sperm and beaked whales and coda clicks of sperm whales is discussed in Sect. 6.6. The application of click change detection to know if the same or a different whale are speaking on successive clicks is described in Sect. 6.7. This method allows one to follow a turning sperm whale. A technique for localizing individual clicking whales is presented in Sect. 6.8. The integration of the above techniques is discussed in Sect. 6.9, which also suggests how whales might identify each other. Sperm whale coda classification and repertoire analysis are the subject of Sect. 6.10. Finally, statistical modeling for population estimation is given in Sect. 6.11.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • A.S. Ackleh, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, B. Ma, N. Pal, N.A. Sidorovskaia, C.O. Tiemann, Assessing the deepwater horizon oil spill impact on marine mammal population through acoustics: endangered sperm whales. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 2306–2314 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Andre, C. Kamminga, Rhythmic dimension in the echolocation click trains of sperm whales: a possible function of identification and communication. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 80, 163–169 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T.C. Apple, Temporal patterns and types of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) codas in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: a metadata analysis, Unpublished M.S. thesis, Texas A&M, (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Baggenstoss, Separation of sperm whale click-trains for multipath rejection. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 3598–3609 (2011a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Baggenstoss, An algorithm for the localization of multiple interfering sperm whales using multi-sensor time difference of arrival. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 102–112 (2011b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Baggenstoss, Processing advances for localization of beaked whales using time difference of arrival. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133, 4065–4076 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Baggenstoss, The Jonker-Volgenant algorithm applied to click-train separation. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 135, 2485–2488 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Baggenstoss, A multi-hypothesis tracker for clicking whales. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137, 2552–2562 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Barlow, B. Taylor, Estimates of sperm whale abundance in the Northeastern Temperate Pacific from a combined acoustic and visual survey. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 21, 429–445 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bioacoustics Research Program, Raven Pro: Interactive Sound Analysis Software (Version 1.1) [Computer software]. (The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, 2003), http://www.birds.cornell.edu/raven

  • W. Bürck, P. Kotowski, H. Lichte, Die Horbarkeit von Laufzeitdifferenenzen. Elektrotechnol. Nachr. Technol. 12, 355 (1935)

    Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Dougherty, Acoustic identification of individual sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, 1999, 52 pages

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Ekimov, J.M. Sabatier, Human motion analyses using footstep ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, EL149–EL153 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A. Ekimov, J.M. Sabatier, Rhythm analysis of orthogonal signals from human walking. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 1306–1314 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • V. Estivill-Castro, Why so many clustering algorithms—a position paper. ACM SIGKDD Explor. Newsl. 4, 65–67 (2002). doi:10.1145/568574.568575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.C. Goold, Signal processing techniques for acoustic measurement of sperm whale body lengths. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 100, 3431–3441 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.C. Goold, Behavioural and acoustic observations of sperm whales in Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 79, 541–550 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.C. Gordon, Evaluation of a method for determining the length of sperm whales from their vocalizations. J. Zool. 224, 301–314 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Gordon, R. Leaper, F.G. Hartley, O. Chappell, Effects of Whale-Watching Vessels on the Surface and Underwater Acoustic Behaviour of Sperm Whales of Kaikoura New Zealand, Science and Conservation Series, No. 52 (Department of Conservation, Wellington, 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Growcott, B. Miller, P. Sirguey, E. Slooten, S. Dawson, Measuring body length of male sperm whales from their clicks: The relationship between inter-pulse intervals and photogrammetrically measured lengths. J. Acoust. Soc. Am 130, 568–573 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.A. Hartigan, Clustering Algorithms (John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.W. Ioup, G.E. Ioup, Sperm whale identification using self organizing maps. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2556 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.W. Ioup, G.E. Ioup, Identifying individual sperm whales acoustically using self-organizing maps. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 2001 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G.E. Ioup, J.W.J. Ioup, P. Larue, N.A. Sidorovskaia, S.A. Kuczaj, G.H. Rayborn, C.D. Walker, Spectrogram analysis of low to mid frequency marine mammal clicks. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2556 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, N.A. Sidorovskaia, R.T. Walker, S.A. Kuczaj, C.D. Walker, G.H. Rayborn, B. Brack, A. Wright, J. Newcomb, R. Fisher, Analysis of Bottom-Moored hydrophone measurements of Gulf of Mexico sperm whale phonations. Proceedings: 23rd Ann Gulf of Mex Info Transf Meet. MMS 66, 109–136 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, L.A. Pflug, A.M. Tashmukhambetov, N.A. Sidorovskaia, Acoustic identification of beaked and sperm whales. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 3003 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, L.A. Pflug, A.M. Tashmukhambetov, N.A. Sidorovskaia, C.H. Thompson, C.O. Tiemann, Identifying individual clicking whales acoustically amid the clutter of other clicking whales, invited. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124, 2500 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, L.A. Pflug, C.O. Tiemann, A. Bernstein, N.A. Sidorovskaia, Identifying individual clicking whales acoustically I. From click properties. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 2165 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, L.A. Pflug, C.O. Tiemann, N.A. Sidorovskaia, Using click change detection to modify cluster analysis for acoustically identifying individual sperm whales with changing aspect. J Acoust Soc. Am 127, 2004 (2010a)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.W. Ioup, G.E. Ioup, L.A. Pflug, N.A. Sidorovskaia, P. Schexnayder, C.O. Tiemann, A. Bernstein, Acoustic identification of individual beaked whales using self-organizing maps for automated classification of clicks in LADC data. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 2004 (2010b)

    Google Scholar 

  • G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, C.O. Tiemann, N.A. Sidorovskaia, Complementary techniques for robust acoustic identification of individual sperm and beaked whales. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 2536 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.S. Jaffe, P.L.D. Roberts, Estimating fish orientation from broadband, limited-angle, multiview acoustic reflections. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129(2), 670–680 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N.L. Johnson, S. Kotz, A.W. Kemp, Univariate Discrete Distributions (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics) (John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1992), p. 565

    Google Scholar 

  • D.R. Ketten, Functional analyses of whale ears: adaptations for underwater hearing. OCEANS’04: ‘Oceans Engineering for Today’s Technology and Tomorrow’s Preservation”. Proceedings, vol 1, 1994, p I/264–I/270

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Kohonen, Self-Organization and Associative Memory, vol. 8 (Springer, New York, NY, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  • E.T. Küsel, D.K. Mellinger, L. Thomas, T.A. Marques, D.J. Moretti, J. Ward, Cetacean population density estimation from single fixed sensors using passive acoustics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 3610–3622 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Larue, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, Detecting sperm whale clicks in the presence of ambient and shipping noise using higher order moments. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2487 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S.P. Lloyd, Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theor. 28, 129–137 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • P.T. Madsen, Sperm whale sound production, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Aarhus, Denmark, 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • P.T. Madsen, M. Wahlberg, B. Møhl, Male sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) acoustics in a high-latitude habitat: Implications for echolocation and communication. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 53, 31–41 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Marcoux, H. Whitehead, L. Rendell, Coda vocalizations recorded in breeding areas are almost entirely produced by mature female sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Can. J. Zool. 84, 609–614 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T.A. Marques, L. Thomas, J. Ward, N. DiMarzio, P.L. Tyack, Estimating cetacean population density using fixed passive acoustic sensors: an example with Blainville’s beaked whales. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 1982–1994 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B.R. Mate, K.M. Stafford, D.K. Ljungblad, A change in sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) distribution correlated to seismic surveys in the Gulf of Mexico. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 3268–3269 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Møhl, E. Larsen, M. Amundin, Sperm whale size determination: outlines of an acoustic approach. FAO Fish Ser. 5, 327–332 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Møhl, M. Wahlberg, P.T. Madsen, A. Heerfordt, A. Lund, The monopulsed nature of sperm whale clicks. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 1143–1154 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K.E. Moore, W.A. Watkins, P.L. Tyack, Pattern similarity in shared codas from sperm whales (Physeter catodon). Mar. Mamm. Sci. 9, 1–9 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Newcomb, R. Fisher, A. Turgut, R. Field, G. Ioup, J. Ioup, G. Rayborn, S. Kuczaj, J. Caruthers, R. Goodman, N. Sidorovskaia, Modeling and Measuring the Acoustic Environment of the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Information Transfer Meeting Minerals Management Service, 2002, pp. 509–521

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Newcomb, R. Fisher, A. Field, G. Rayborn, S. Kuczaj, G. Ioup, J. Ioup, A. Turgut, Measurements of ambient noise and sperm whale vocalizations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico using near bottom hydrophones. Proceedings of the MTS/IEEE OCEANS2002, 2002, pp. 1365–1371

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Newcomb, R. Fisher, R. Field, A. Turgut, G. Ioup, J. Ioup, G. Rayborn, S. Kuczaj, J. Caruthers, R. Goodman, N. Sidorovskaia, Near-bottom hydrophone measurements of ambient noise and sperm whale vocalizations in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 2371 (2002c)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Newcomb, R. Fisher, R. Field, G. Ioup, J. Ioup, J. Larue, G. Rayborn, S. Kuczaj, J. Caruthers, R. Goodman, C. Walker, R. Paulos, J. Ramos, R. Thames, S. Vinogradov, N. Sidorovskaia, I. Udovydchenkov, I. Rypina, and M. Snyder, Using Acoustic Buoys to Assess Ambient Noise and Sperm Whale Vocalizations, invited. Proceedings of the Information Transfer Meeting of the Minerals Management Service, 2004, pp. 269–276 and 578–588

    Google Scholar 

  • K.J. Norris, G.W. Harvey, A theory for the function of the spermaceti organ of the sperm whale. NASA SP-262, 397–417 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Nosal, Methods for tracking multiple marine mammals with wide-baseline passive acoustic arrays. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 2383–2392 (2013a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E.V. Nosal, Model-based marine mammal localization methods, in Detection Classification and Localization of Marine Mammal Using Passive Acoustics – 10 Years of Progress, ed. by O. Adam, F. Samaran (Dirac NGO, Paris, 2013b)

    Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Nosal, L.N. Frazer, Track of a sperm whale from delays between direct and surface-reflected clicks. Appl. Acoust. 87, 1187–1201 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Nosal, L.N. Frazer, Sperm whale 3D track, swim orientation, beam pattern, and click levels observed on bottom-mounted hydrophones. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 1969–1978 (2007a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Nosal, L.N. Frazer, Modified pair-wise spectrogram processing for localization of unknown broadband sources. IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 32, 721–728 (2007b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E.M. Nosal, L.N. Frazer, Pair-wise spectrogram processing used to track a sperm whale. Can. Acoust. 36, 132–138 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • A.S. Pandya, R.B. Macy, Pattern Recognition with Neural Networks in C++ (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Pavan, T.J. Hayward, J.F. Borsani, M. Priano, M. Manghi, C. Fossati, J. Gordon, Time patterns of sperm whale codas recorded in the Mediterranean Sea 1985–1986. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 107, 3487–3495 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M.Q. Rhinelander, S.M. Dawson, Measuring sperm whales from their clicks: Stability of interpulse intervals and validation that they indicate whale length. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 1826–1831 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T.D. Rossing, F.R. Moore, P.A. Wheeler, The Science of Sound, 3rd edn. (Addison Wesley, Boston, MA, 2002). Figure 7.4

    Google Scholar 

  • G.A.F. Seber, Multivariate Observations (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 1984)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • N.A. Sidorovskaia, P. Schexnayder, A. Ekimov, J. Sabatier, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, Rhythmic analysis of sperm whale broadband acoustic signals. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125, 2738 (2009a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N.A. Sidorovskaia, P. Schexnayder, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, C.O. Tiemann, A. Bernstein, A. Ekimov, J. Sabatier, Identifying individual clicking whales acoustically II: from click rhythms. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 2165–2166 (2009b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. Sidorovskaia, P. Schexnayder, G. E. Ioup, J. W. Ioup, C. O. Tiemann, J. Sabatier, and A. Ekimov, Integrated passive acoustic approach for detection, localization, and identification of individual marine mammals as applied to workshop data, Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Detection, Classification and Localization of Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics (2009c).

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. Sidorovskaia, C.O. Tiemann, G. Ioup, J. Ioup, Integrating techniques for identifying individual sperm whales acoustically. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128, 2299–2300 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. A. Sidorovskaia, G. E. Ioup, J. W. Ioup, and J. W. Caruthers, 2004, Acoustic propagation studies for sperm whale vocalization analysis during LADC experiments, High-Frequency Ocean Acoustics, M. B. Porter, M. Siderius, and W. A. Kuperman, editors, AIP Conference Proceedings, pp. 288–295

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. Sidorovskaia, I.A. Udovydchenkov, I.I. Rypina, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, J.W. Caruthers, J. Newcomb, R. Fisher, Propagation modeling for sperm whale acoustic clicks in the northern Gulf of Mexico. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 115, 2556 (2004b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N.A. Sidorovskaia, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, Studies of waveguide propagation effects on frequency properties of sperm whale communication signals. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2614 (2004c)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. A. Sidorovskaia, A. Tashmukhambetov, G. E. Ioup, J. W. Ioup, J. J. Newcomb, J. M. Stephens, C. D. Walker, and G. H. Rayborn, Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center: Experimental and Modeling Capabilities for Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Acoustic Sources in the Gulf of Mexico, invited, Proceedings of the 9th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (WMSCI 2005), 2005, vol. IX, pp. 113–114

    Google Scholar 

  • N.A. Sidorovskaia, B. Richards, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, Spectral identification of sperm whales from Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center passive acoustic recordings. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 2001 (2005b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • N. Sidorovskaia, P. Schexnayder, G. E. Ioup, J. W. Ioup, C. O. Tiemann, J. Sabatier, and A. Ekimov, Integrated passive acoustic approach for detection, localization, and identification of individual marine mammals as applied to workshop data. Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Detection, Classification and Localization of Marine Mammals Using Passive Acoustics, 2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Сидоровская, Н.А., Ioup, G.E., Ioup, J.W., Tashmukhambetov, A.M., Ekimov, A.E. (2011). Использование пассивных акустических методов для изучения влияния индустриальной деятельности человека на морскую мегафауну, [N.A. Sidorovskaia, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, A.M. Tashmukhambetov, A.E. Ekimov, Using passive acoustic methods to study anthropogenic noise impact on oceanic megafauna,] In Ocean acoustics, Proceedings of the XIII the L.M. Brekhovskikh’s conference, Москва, ГЕОС 2011 г., pp. 270–276 [In Russian with summary translated in English]

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Snyder, P. Orlin, A. Schulte, J. Newcomb, Ambient noise analysis of underwater acoustic data. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2320 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Spath, Cluster Dissection and Analysis: Theory, FORTRAN Programs, Examples (Halsted, New York, NY, 1985). Transl. J. Goldschmidt

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Starkhammar, J. Nilsson, M. Amundin, S.A. Kuczaj, M. Almqvist, H.W. Persson, Separating overlapping click trains originating from multiple individuals in echolocation recordings. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 458–466 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.M. Tashmukhambetov, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, N.A. Sidorovskaia, J.J. Newcomb, Three-dimensional seismic array characterization study: experiment and modeling. J Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 4094–4108 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • V. Teloni, W.M.Z. Zimmer, M. Wahlberg, P.T. Madsen, Consistent acoustic size estimation of sperm whales using clicks recorded from unknown aspects. J. Cet. Res. Manag. 9, 127–136 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Thode, D. K. Mellinger, S. Stienessen, A. Martinez, K. Mullin, Depth-dependent acoustic features of diving sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 308–321 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.O. Tiemann, Three-dimensional single-hydrophone tracking of a sperm whale demonstrated using workshop data from the Bahamas. Can. Acoust. 36, 67–73 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.O. Tiemann, M.B. Porter, Automated model-based localization of sperm whale clicks. Oceans Proc. 2, 821–827 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.O. Tiemann, S.W. Martin, J.R. Mobley, Aerial and acoustic marine mammal detection and localization on navy ranges. IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 31, 107–119 (2006a)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.O. Tiemann, A.M. Thode, J. Straley, V. O’Connell, K. Folkert, Three-dimensional localization of sperm whales using a single hydrophone. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 2355–2365 (2006b)

    Google Scholar 

  • C.O. Tiemann, J.S. Jaffe, P.L.D. Roberts, N.A. Sidorovskaia, G.E. Ioup, J.W. Ioup, A. Ekimov, S. Lehman, Signal and image processing techniques as applied to animal bioacoustics problems. Acoust. Today 7, 35–43 (2011). Errata: Acoust. Today 7, 57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Van der Schaar, E. Delory, M. André, Classification of sperm whale clicks (Physeter Macrocephalus) with Gaussian-Kernel-based networks. Algorithms 2, 1232–1247 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G.T. Waring, E. Josephson, K. Maze-Foley, P.E. Rosel, U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Stock Assessments – 2009, in NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-213, 2009, ed. by K. Barry, B. Byrd, T.V.N. Cole, C. Dias, L. Engleby, C. Fairfield, L.P. Garrison, A. Glass, L. Hansen, J. Litz, C. Orphanides, R.M. Pace, D.L. Palka, M. Rivera, M.C. Rossman, C. Sinclair, J. Valade, F.W. Wenzel (NOAA, Washington, DC, 2009), p. 528

    Google Scholar 

  • W.A. Watkins, W.E. Schevill, Sperm whale codas. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 1485–1490 (1977a). plus phonograph record

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W.A. Watkins, W.E. Schevill, Spatial distribution of Physeter catodon (sperm whales) underwater. Deep-Sea Res. 24, 693–699 (1977b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S.L. Watwood, P.J.O. Miller, M. Johnson, P.T. Madsen, P.L. Tyack, Deep-diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). J. Anim. Ecol. 75, 814–825 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Weilgart, H. Whitehead, Coda communication by sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) off the Galápagos Islands. Can. J. Zool. 71, 744–752 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. Weilgart, H. Whitehead, Group-specific dialects and geographical variation in coda repertoire in South Pacific sperm whales. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 40, 277–285 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Whitehead, Sperm Whales: Social Evolution in the Ocean (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Whitehead, L. Weilgart, Click rates from sperm whales. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 1798–1806 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • H. Whitehead, L. Weilgart, Patterns of visually observable behavior and vocalizations in groups of female sperm whales. Behaviour 118, 275–296 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B. Würsig, D.W. Weller, S.K. Lynn, J.G. Ortega-Ortiz, A.J. Schiro, T.D. Sparks, W.E. Evans, Behavior and site fidelity of sperm whales in the northern Gulf of Mexico, in Cetaceans, Sea Turtles and Seabirds in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Distribution, Abundance and Habitat Associations, Vol II: Technical Report, OCS Study MMS, ed. by R.W. Davis, W.E. Evans, B. Würsig (Gulf of Mexico OCS Region Publications, Santa Barbara, CA, 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Würsig, T.A. Jefferson, D.J. Schmidley, Marine Mammals of the Gulf of Mexico (Texas A & M University Press, College Station, TX, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Young, A. Host-Madsen, E.M. Nosal, Impulsive source separation with application to sperm whale clicks. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Digital Signal Processing workshop, Napa California, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  • W.M.X. Zimmer, P.L. Tyack, M.P. Johnson, P.T. Madsen, Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 1473–1485 (2005a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W.M.X. Zimmer, M.P. Johnson, P.T. Madsen, P.L. Tyack, Echolocation clicks of free-ranging Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 3919–3927 (2005b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W.M.X. Zimmer, P.T. Madsen, V. Teloni, M.P. Johnson, P.L. Tyack, Off-axis effects on the multipulse structure of sperm whale usual clicks with implications for sound production. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 118, 3337–3345 (2005c)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA

    George E. Ioup, Juliette W. Ioup & Arslan M. Tashmukhambetov

  2. Department of Physics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 43680, Lafayette, LA, 70504-3680, USA

    Natalia A. Sidorovskaia

  3. Applied Research Laboratories, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78758, USA

    Christopher O. Tiemann

  4. R2Sonic LLC, 5307 Industrial Oaks Blvd., Suite 120, Austin, TX, 78735, USA

    Christopher O. Tiemann

  5. Marine Mammal Behavior and Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, OMH 231, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA

    Stan A. Kuczaj & Robin Paulos

  6. R.P. Authement College of Sciences, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA

    Azmy S. Ackleh

  7. Department of Mathematics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA

    Azmy S. Ackleh

  8. Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS, 39529, USA

    Joal J. Newcomb

  9. Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, MS, 39522, USA

    Joal J. Newcomb

  10. Department of Mathematics, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Millersville, PA, 17551, USA

    Baoling Ma

  11. National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA

    Alexander Ekimov

  12. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA

    Grayson H. Rayborn Jr. & James M. Stephens

  13. Signal Research Center, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA

    James M. Stephens

  14. Math and Science Division, Southwest Mississippi Community College, Summit, MS, 39666, USA

    James M. Stephens

  15. LLOG Exploration Company, 1001 Ochsner Blvd., Suite 200, Covington, LA, 70433, USA

    Arslan M. Tashmukhambetov

Authors
  1. George E. Ioup
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Juliette W. Ioup
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Natalia A. Sidorovskaia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christopher O. Tiemann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Stan A. Kuczaj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Azmy S. Ackleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Joal J. Newcomb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Baoling Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Robin Paulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Alexander Ekimov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Grayson H. Rayborn Jr.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. James M. Stephens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Arslan M. Tashmukhambetov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to George E. Ioup .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA

    Whitlow W. L. Au

  2. Hawaii Inst of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA

    Marc O. Lammers

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ioup, G.E. et al. (2016). Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) in the Gulf of Mexico. In: Au, W., Lammers, M. (eds) Listening in the Ocean. Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3176-7_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation