Abstract
The U.S. Navy maintains several instrumented ranges equipped with large arrays of bottom-mounted hydrophones that are typically used to track undersea vehicles. The major ranges include the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) located in the Bahamas, the Southern California Offshore Range (SCORE) located off San Clemente Island, and the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) located off the western side of Kauai, HI. Each of these ranges provides tracking arrays covering an area in excess of 1200 km2. These hydrophone arrays are being used to develop marine mammal passive acoustic detection, classification, localization, and density estimation methods. Hardware systems installed at all three facilities allow real-time monitoring of vocalizing marine mammals. Using these systems, Blainville’s beaked whales have been detected at AUTEC and PMRF. Cuvier’s beaked whales have been detected at SCORE and to a lesser extent at AUTEC. These “sonar sensitive” species are present despite the repeated use of sonar. Based on passive acoustics, the movement of these species in response to sonar has been documented. By combining passive acoustic beaked whale and sonar data with AUTEC ship track data, a risk function for Blainville’s beaked whales was developed. In addition, by combining hydrophone with recording tag data, the beam pattern and source level of Blainville’s beaked whale were measured along with the system’s detection function. This enabled the development of passive acoustic density estimation algorithms. These algorithms are being applied to the long-term, in situ monitoring of beaked whale population at all three facilities.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anon, Joint Interim Report on the Bahamas Marine Mammal Stranding Event of 15–16 March 2000 NOAA Unpublished Report (NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, 2001)
R. Baird, D. Webster, G. Schorrr, M. Webster, J. Barlow, Diel variation in beaked whale diving behavior. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 24(3), 630–642 (2008)
K. Balcomb, D. Claridge, A mass stranding of cetaceans caused by naval sonar in the Bahamas. Baham. J. Sci. 8(2), 2–12 (2001)
A. D'Amico, R. Gisiner, D. Ketten, J. Hammock, C. Johnson, P. Tyack et al., Beaked whale strandings and naval exercises. Acquat. Mamm. 35(4), 435–444 (2009)
D. Gillespie, C. Dunn, J. Gordon, D. Claridge, C. Embling, I. Boyd, Field recordings of Gervais’ beaked whales Mesoplodon europaeus from the Bahamas. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125(3), 3428–3433 (2009)
S.M. Jarvis, R.P. Morrissey, D.J. Moretti, N.A. DiMarzio, Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges (M3R): a toolset for automated detection, localization and monitoring of marrine mammals in open ocean environments. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 48(1) (2014)
M. Johnson, P. Tyack, A digital acoustic recording tag for measuring the response of wild marine mammals to sound. IEEE J Ocean Eng. 28(1), 3–12 (2003)
M. Johnson, P.T. Madsen, W.X. Zimmer, Foraging Blainville’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) produce distinct click types matched to different phases of echolocation. J. Exp. Biol. 209(24), 5038–5050 (2006)
T. Marques, L. Thomas, J. Ward, N. DiMarzio, P. Tyack, Estimating cetacean population density using fixed passive acoustic sensors: an example with Blainville’s beaked whales. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125(4), 1982–1994 (2009)
T. Marques, L. Thomas, S. Martin, D. Mellinger, J. Ward, D. Moretti et al., Estimating animal population density using passive acoustics. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 88(2), 287–309 (2013)
E. McCarthy, D. Moretti, L. Thomas, N. DiMarzio, A. Dilley, R. Morissey et al., Changes in spatial and temporal distribution and vocal behavior of Blainville’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) during multi-ship exercises with mid-frequency sonar. Mar. Mamm. Sci. 27(3), E206–E226 (2011)
D. Moretti, T. Marques, L. Thomas, N. DiMarzio, A. Dilley, R. Morrissey et al., A dive counting density estimation method for Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) using a bottom-mounted hydrophone field as applied to a Mid-Frequency Active (MFA) sonar operation. Appl. Acoust. 71(11), 1036–1042 (2010)
D. Moretti, L. Thomas, T. Marques, J. Harwood, A. Dilley, B. Neales et al., A risk funciton fo Blainville’s beaked whales (“Mesoplodon densirostris”) derived from Mid-Frequency Active (MFA) sonar operations. PLoS One 9(1) (2014)
J. Shaffer, D. Moretti, S. Jarvis, P. Tyack, M. Johnson, Effective beam pattern of the Blainville’s beaked whale (“Mesoplodon densirostris”) and implications for passive acoustic monitoring. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133(3), 1770–1784 (2013)
B. Southall, A. Bowles, W. Ellison, J. Finneran, Marine mammal noise exposure criteria: initial scientific recommendations. Aquat. Mamm. 33, 411–522 (2007)
P. Tyack, W. Zimmer, D. Moretti, B. Southall, D. Claridge, J. Durban et al., Beaked Whales Respond to Simulated and Actual Navy Sonar (Public Library of Science, San Francisco, CA, 2010)
H. Vincent, Models, algorithms, and measurements for underwater acoustic positioning (ETD Collection for University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 2001)
H. Weinberg, R. Keenan, Gaussian ray bundles for modeling high frequency propagation loss under shallow-water conditions. The Journal of the Acousit. Soc. Am. 100, 1421–1431
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moretti, D., Morrissey, R., Jarvis, S., Shaffer, J. (2016). Findings from U.S. Navy Hydrophone Ranges. In: Au, W., Lammers, M. (eds) Listening in the Ocean. Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3176-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3176-7_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3175-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3176-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)