Abstract
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the main components of foods and serve as “fuel” molecules that provide energy for the organism. A regular meal is generally composed of 45–65 % carbohydrates, 20–35 % lipids, and 10–30 % protein. After ingestion, these nutrients are broken down into smaller molecules, which are subsequently absorbed and metabolized (see Chap. 7).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsSelected Bibliography
Baskaran S, Roach PJ, DePaoli-Roach AA, Hurley TD (2010) Structural basis for glucose-6-phosphate activation of glycogen synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:17563–17568
Cárdenas ML, Cornish-Bowden A, Ureta T (1998) Evolution and regulatory role of the hexokinases. Biochim Biophys Acta 1401:242–64
Chaikuad A, Froese DS, Berridge G, von Delft F, Oppermann U, Yue WW (2011) Conformational plasticity of glycogenin and its maltosaccharide substrate during glycogen biogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:21028–1033
Ferrer JC, Favre C, Gomis RR, Fernández-Novell JM, García-Rocha M, de la Iglesia N, Cid E, Guinovart JJ (2003) Control of glycogen deposition. FEBS Lett 546:127–132
Guo S (2014) Insulin signaling, resistance, and the metabolic syndrome: insights from mouse models into disease mechanisms. J Endocrinol 220:T1–T23
Leloir LF (1970). Two decades of research on the biosynthesis of saccharides. Nobel lecture. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/leloir-lecture.html
Liu H, Liu J-Y, Wu X, Zhang J-T (2010) Biochemistry, molecular biology, and pharmacology of fatty acid synthase, an emerging therapeutic target and diagnosis/prognosis marker. Int J Biochem Mol Biol 1:69–89
Matschinsky FM (2002) Regulation of pancreatic beta-cell glucokinase: from basics to therapeutics. Diabetes 51(Suppl 3):S394–404
Roth J, Qureshi S, Whitford I, Vranic M, Kahn CR, Fantus IG, Dirks JH (2012) Insulin’s discovery: new insights on its ninetieth birthday. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 28:293–304
Sun L, Zeng X, Yan C, Sun X, Gong X, Rao Y, Yan N (2012) Crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of glucose transporters GLUT1-4. Nature 490:361–366
Thorens B, Mueckler M (2010) Glucose transporters in the 21st century. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298:E141–E145
Tong L (2013) Structure and function of biotin-dependent carboxylases. Cell Mol Life Sci 70:863–891
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Da Poian, A.T., Castanho, M.A.R.B. (2015). Metabolic Responses to Hyperglycemia: Regulation and Integration of Metabolism in the Absorptive State. In: Integrative Human Biochemistry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3058-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3058-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3057-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3058-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)