Abstract
The noise footprint of a given activity is defined as the area where the noise from the activity spreads into the ocean at levels above the existing statistical ambient noise. The noise footprints of seismic surveys in Irish waters from 2,000 to 2,011 have been estimated using Quonops, a global ocean noise prediction service. Noise footprints are converted into sound exposure levels to evaluate the cumulative risks toward high-, mid-, and low-frequency marine mammals. The results demonstrate large variability in risk areas as a function of existing ambient-noise levels, season, survey location, and characteristics of the survey.
Keywords
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Applied Physics Laboratory (1994) APL-UW high-frequency ocean environmental models handBook. Applied Physics Laboratory-University of Washington (APL-UW) Technical Report TR 9407, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Clark CW, Ellison WT, Southall BL, Hatch L, Van Parijs SM, Frankel A, Ponirakis D (2009) Acoustic masking in marine ecosystems: intuitions, analysis, and implication. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 395:201–222
Folegot T (2010) Ship traffic noise distribution in the Strait of Gibraltar: an exemplary case for monitoring global ocean noise. In: Popper AN, Hawkins AD (eds) The effects of noise on aquatic life, vol 730, Advances in experimental medicine and biology. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, pp 601–604
Guiesse L, Sabathié P (1964) Acoustique sous-marine. Dunod, Paris
Hastings MC, Popper AN (2005) Effects of sound on fish. Report prepared by Jones & Stokes under California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Contract 43A0139, task order 1
Lucke K, Siebert U, Lepper PA, Blanchet MA (2009) Temporary shift in masked hearing thresholds in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) after exposure to seismic airgun stimuli. J Acoust Soc Am 125:4060–4070
National Research Council (2005) Marine mammal populations and ocean noise: determining when noise causes biologically significant effects. National Academies Press, Washington, DC
Simard Y, Leblanc E (2010) Impact of shipping noise on marine animals. Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Québec, QC
Southall BL, Bowles AE, Ellison WT, Finneran JJ, Gentry RL, Greene CR Jr, Kastak D, Ketten DR, Miller JH, Nachtigall PE, Richardson WJ, Thomas JA, Tyack PL (2007) Marine mammal noise exposure criteria: initial scientific recommendations. Aquat Mamm 33:411–521
Tasker M, Amundin M, Andre M, Hawkins A, Lang W, Merck T, Scholik-Schlomer A, Teilmann J, Thomsen F, Werner S, Zakharia M (2010) Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Task Group 11 report: Underwater noise and other forms of energy, April 2010. Report prepared for the European Commission Joint Research Centre and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Vijaykumar NL, Devoy RJ, Gault J, Dunne D, O’Mahony C (2003) Validation methods and links to a coastal-GIS in the development of a high resolution limited area model (HIRLAM) for producing a 40-year wave atlas for the Irish and Celtic Seas. In: Proceedings of CoastGIS’03 – Fifth International Symposium on GIS and Computer Cartography for Coastal Zone Management, Genoa, Italy, 16–18 Oct 2003
Watwood SL, Buonontony DM (2012) Dive distribution and group size parameters for marine species occurring in navy training and testing areas in the north Atlantic and north Pacific oceans. NUWC-NPT Technical Document 12,085, Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport, RI
Acknowledgments
This research was financed through the Environmental Protection Agency Science, Technology, Research and Innovation for the Environment (STRIVE) Programme 2007–2013 and funded by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2007–2013. Mark Jessopp was additionally funded through the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Knowledge-Based Sustainable Management for Europe’s Seas (KNOWSEAS) Grant Agreement 226675. We are grateful to members of the project steering committee for useful feedback throughout the project as well as to Philippe Billand, Damien Haberlin, Anthony Patterson, Michelle Cronin, and Ciaran Healy for field assistance during deployment and recovery of the hydrophones.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Folegot, T., Clorennec, D., Sutton, G., Jessopp, M. (2016). Seismic Survey Footprints in Irish Waters: A Starting Point for Effective Mitigation. In: Popper, A., Hawkins, A. (eds) The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 875. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_37
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2980-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2981-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)