Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of electrical surges and protection against the effects of these destructive surges.
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- 1.
A lightning stroke is a lightning discharge between a thundercloud and the ground and commonly referred to as cloud-to-ground lightning. The most common type of lightning stroke is referred to as a negative lightning stroke and usually originates near the bottom of the cloud with a large concentration of negative charge in the cloud base. The term negative lightning means that there is a net transfer of negative charge from the cloud to the ground. Positive lightning strokes represent only about 5 % of the lightning strokes and tend to originate in the more positively charged top of the cloud.
- 2.
Refer to Lightning and Insulator Subcommittee of the T&D Committee, Parameters of Lightning Strokes: A Review, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, No. 1, January 2005, for the actual range of values.
- 3.
IEEE C62.41.1, Guide On The Surge Environment In Low-Voltage (1000 V And Less) AC Power Circuits, uses the terms “direct flash”, “near flash”, and “far flash” to distinguish between lightning strokes and how they induce a surge on a facility.
- 4.
Refer to IEEE 1100, Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment, for additional information regarding the effects of surges.
- 5.
NEMA 2013 U.S. Surge Protection Damage Survey and NEMA Surge Damage Survey Results—Wave 2. Refer to http://www.nemasurge.org for reports.
- 6.
Their reports are accessible at http://www.iii.org/.
- 7.
Key documents include How to Protect Your House and Its Contents from Lightning, IEEE Guide for Surge Protection of Equipment Connected to AC Power and Communication Circuits, by Richard L. Cohen and others, ISBN 0-7381-4634-X, 2005 and NIST Special Publication 960–6, Surges Happen! How to Protect the Appliances in Your Home, 2001. Some insurance companies also provide guidance on their websites.
- 8.
Lightning strokes produce the largest surges.
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© 2015 Fire Protection Research Foundation
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Davis, E., Kooiman, N., Viswanathan, K. (2015). Surge Protection Fundamentals. In: Data Assessment for Electrical Surge Protective Devices. SpringerBriefs in Fire. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2892-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2892-7_3
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