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Landscape Dynamics in a Rapidly Changing World

  • Chapter
Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice

Abstract

Numerous practical applications of landscape ecology can help to define effects of change on ecological systems and prescribe possible solutions. Natural resource managers face many challenges that emerge over entire landscapes. Because these challenges often involve spatial interdependencies among diverse landscape components at multiple scales, comprehensive solutions continue to be pressing needs. Demand for the scientific underpinnings of managing and monitoring landscapes, understanding landscape implications of climate change, considering spatial heterogeneity in land-management decisions, and potentially even designing landscapes to meet ecological and societal goals are widely recognized as essential for conservation and resource management. Consequently, many resource managers are shifting their goals from specific resources such as fish, wildlife, and water to the integrity of entire systems. Research related to ecosystem management (Christensen et al. 1996), sustainability science (Kates et al. 2001), and ecosystem services—the benefits provided to people by nature—involves landscape ecology. Ecological effects of land and resource management are sensitive to the temporal scales and spatial configuration of the activity (e.g., timber harvesting or land development). Indeed, nearly all land management agencies in the U.S. have recognized that informed resource-management decisions cannot be made exclusively at the level of habitat units or local sites. The demand for applications of landscape ecology has increased so much that it often outpaces the basic science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Monica G. Turner

  2. Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Frostburg, MD, USA

    Robert H. Gardner

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  • Eigenbrod F, Bell VA, Davies HN, Heinemeyer A, Armsworth PR, Gaston KJ (2011) The impact of projected increases in urbanization on ecosystem services. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 278:3201–3208

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  • Iverson LR, Prasad AM, Matthews SN, Peters MP (2011) Lessons learned while integrating habitat, dispersal, disturbance, and life-history traits into species habitat models under climate change. Ecosystems 14:1005–1020

  • Mitchell MGE, Bennett EM, Gonzalez A (2013) Linking landscape connectivity and ecosystem service provision: current knowledge and research gaps. Ecosystems 16:894–908

  • Priess JA, Mimler M, Klein A-M, Schwarze S, Tscharntke T, Steffan-Dewenter I (2007) Linking deforestation scenarios to pollination services and economic returns in coffee agroforestry systems. Ecol Appl 17:407–417

  • Tscharntke T, Klein AM, Kruess A, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thies C (2005) Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity—ecosystem service management. Ecol Lett 8:857–874

  • Turner BL II, Robbins P (2008) Land-change science and political ecology: similarities, differences and implications for sustainability science. Annu Rev Environ Res 33:295–316

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Turner, M.G., Gardner, R.H. (2015). Landscape Dynamics in a Rapidly Changing World. In: Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2794-4_9

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