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The Medical Basis of Psychiatry pp 809–846Cite as

Sleep Disorders

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Abstract

Disturbances of sleep are commonly seen in many of the DSM-5 psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, psychiatric symptoms are commonly experienced in association with sleep disorders. This chapter reviews some basic physiology of sleep-wake regulation as well as the most common sleep disorders of importance to the practicing psychiatrist. Included are insomnia, restless legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic and other hypersomnias, and parasomnias such as sleepwalking/sleep terrors and REM sleep behavior disorder. In each case, diagnostic criteria are described, based both upon the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition, and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition (ICSD-2). Discussions of epidemiology, clinical features, typical case examples, laboratory findings, course, differential diagnosis, etiology, and treatment considerations will enable the reader to recognize these disorders in their patients and to facilitate their treatment.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Editor’s note: the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant at an initial dose of 5 mg/day with a usual dose range of 5-20 mg/day has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of insomnia.

  2. 2.

    Editor’s note: A report in 2015 provided evidence for cross-reactivity between antibodies to vaccine-related influenza nucleoprotein and human hypocretin receptor 2 protein sequence as being the etiological factor responsible for induction of narcolepsy in the vaccinated subjects (414).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Thomas D. Hurwitz M.D. (Assistant Professor) & Carlos H. Schenck M.D. (Professor)

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Thomas D. Hurwitz M.D. (Assistant Professor)

  3. Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Thomas D. Hurwitz M.D. (Assistant Professor) & Imran S. Khawaja MBBS, FAASM

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Carlos H. Schenck M.D. (Professor)

  5. Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Imran S. Khawaja MBBS, FAASM

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  1. Thomas D. Hurwitz M.D.
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  2. Carlos H. Schenck M.D.
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  3. Imran S. Khawaja MBBS, FAASM
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Correspondence to Thomas D. Hurwitz M.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

    S. Hossein Fatemi

  2. University of New Mexico School of Medicine Pasadena, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, California, California, USA

    Paula J. Clayton

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Hurwitz, T.D., Schenck, C.H., Khawaja, I.S. (2016). Sleep Disorders. In: Fatemi, S., Clayton, P. (eds) The Medical Basis of Psychiatry. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2528-5_37

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