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Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and the Creation of Transgenic Large Animal Models

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Somatic Genome Manipulation

Abstract

Transgenic animals have been instrumental in biomedical and genetic research, particularly through the use of genetically modified mice. To facilitate translational research to humans, the development of larger species of transgenic animals is necessary. Furthermore, these transgenic large animal models have numerous other applications in biomedicine and agriculture. Various techniques to produce genetically altered animals have been developed throughout the years including pronuclear microinjection, sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT), electroporation, oocyte/embryo transduction and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). A major advantage of the SCNT technique is the ability to genetically modify donor cells and select for these transgenic cells prior to the cloning procedure, resulting in 100 % transgenic efficiency. This has particularly facilitated the production of transgenic large animals, for which embryonic stem cells that can be cultured and reliably modified in the laboratory are not fully established. In addition, new gene-editing technologies, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), have further assisted the creation of transgenic animals, notably gene-disrupted animals. Demand for these large transgenic animal models is increasing as a result of their numerous possible applications including the development of higher quality production animals, creation of stem cells for tissue repair (therapeutic cloning), production of protein-based pharmaceuticals (animal pharming), creation of organ donors for xenotransplantation and the creation of large animal models for biomedical research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada

    Naomi Dicks

  2. School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, H9X 3V9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada

    Prof. Luis B. Agellon

  3. Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, H9X 3V9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada

    Prof. Vilceu Bordignon

Authors
  1. Naomi Dicks
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  2. Prof. Luis B. Agellon
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  3. Prof. Vilceu Bordignon
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Luis B. Agellon or Vilceu Bordignon .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Government of Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada

    Xiu-Qing Li

  2. Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada

    Danielle J. Donnelly

  3. Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Herning, Denmark

    Thomas G. Jensen

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Dicks, N., Agellon, L., Bordignon, V. (2015). Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer and the Creation of Transgenic Large Animal Models. In: Li, XQ., Donnelly, D., Jensen, T. (eds) Somatic Genome Manipulation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2389-2_6

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