Abstract
Vascular injury and subsequent hemorrhage is one of the causes of preventable death in trauma. With mature hospital systems, improved prehospital care, permissive hypotension, and tourniquets, more patients with previously fatal hemorrhage are arriving at trauma centers in need of emergent management of bleeding. Some areas of vascular trauma may not be immediately life threatening or apparent; therefore a high index of suspicion must be had, especially in the multiple injured patient.
There are five types of vascular injury including intimal injuries (flaps, disruptions, or subintimal/intramural hematomas); complete wall defects with pseudoaneurysm or hemorrhage; complete transection with occlusion or hemorrhage, AV fistulas, and spasm. Blunt trauma typically causes intimal flaps and subintimal hematomas, whereas penetrating trauma causes wall defects, AV fistulas, and transections [1].
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Pasley, J.D. (2015). Indication and Techniques for Vascular Exploration. In: Scalea, T. (eds) The Shock Trauma Manual of Operative Techniques. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2371-7_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2371-7_5
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