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Decrypting Calcium Signaling in Plants: The Kinase Way

  • Chapter
Elucidation of Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants

Abstract

Ca2+ is an indispensible messenger in cellular signaling for all eukaryotes. Plants respond to modulation in Ca2+ concentration, known as “Ca2+ signatures,” which are induced in response to extrinsic and intrinsic cues. These Ca2+ signatures are perceived, decoded, and transduced to downstream response toolkit comprising of a complex group of Ca2+-binding proteins that function as Ca2+ sensors. Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CPK), Ca2+ or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK), calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), and their interacting kinases (CIPK) are directly or indirectly regulated by Ca2+. These Ca2+-regulated kinases are part of phosphorylation pathway that lead to regulation of ion channels, v-SNARE proteins, nitrate sensing, nodulation, and transcriptional factors for master regulation. Genome sequencing data of wide varieties of plant species along with high-throughput transcriptomic and functional genomic analysis has expedited revealing of multifaceted functions of these kinases in stress-signaling networks. Combining the transcriptomic and posttranscriptional proteomic regulatory mechanisms in CDPKs and CBL–CIPKs reveals an emerging evolutionary model. Subcellular proteomics and varying affinity for Ca2+ emerged as a crucial regulatory mechanism for transducing stress signal. Cross talk of isoforms and their interacting partners adds on to the humongous effect on increasing complexities among these signaling cascades. This chapter provides new insight about the colossal advancement in understanding of the regulatory mechanism and functionality involved in Ca2+ sensing by kinases in light of the information generated by genomic tools.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABF:

ABRE-binding factor

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CCaMK:

Calcium or calcium-/calmodulin-regulated kinases

CDPK/CPK:

Calcium-dependent protein kinase

CLD:

Calmodulin-like domain

CRK:

CDPK-related kinase

GA:

Gibberellins

HR:

Hypersensitive response

HSP:

Heat shock protein

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

JA:

Jasmonic acid

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SA:

Salicylic acid

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Acknowledgment

I would also like to thank Dr. Akhilesh K. Tyagi for providing valuable suggestion in the Ca2+ signaling work performed.

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  1. Biotechnology and Bioresources Management Division, Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, Delhi, 110 003, India

    Swatismita Dhar Ray

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  1. Swatismita Dhar Ray
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Correspondence to Swatismita Dhar Ray .

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  1. Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, India

    Girdhar K. Pandey

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Ray, S.D. (2015). Decrypting Calcium Signaling in Plants: The Kinase Way. In: Pandey, G. (eds) Elucidation of Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2211-6_5

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