Abstract
An overview of design fires in tunnels is given. Design fires are obtained from guidelines or standards, or exclusively for a specific tunnel project. They can be represented as a single constant design value or as a time dependent fire curve, either given in form of heat release rates (HRRs), temperatures or combustion products. Various ways exists to represent a design fire curve for tunnels. These can include different growth rates or combinations of growth rates with constant levels of design maximum values coupled to a decay period. The different type of design fire curves are put into the context of fire development in vehicles and tunnel fire dynamics. Mathematical representations of design fire curves are presented and discussed. An example of a new concept for creating a design fire curve is presented.
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Ingason, H., Li, Y., Lönnermark, A. (2015). Design Fire Curves. In: Tunnel Fire Dynamics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2199-7_6
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