Abstract
An introduction to the main differences between open fires, building fires and tunnel fires is given as the basis for better insight into the physics of fires in tunnels. An overview is given of what type of fires is to be expected in different types of tunnels and what consequences such fires may have. A short description of mitigation systems commonly used to increase the fire safety in tunnels is also given and their main features are put into the context of fire dynamics. Finally, the major fire incidents that have occurred are summarized and analysed in order to understand the main reasons for their different consequences.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ingason H Key Note Paper—State of the Art of Tunnel Fire Research. In: 9th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, Karlsruhe, 21–26 September 2008
Ingason H (2012) Fire Dynamics in Tunnels. In: Beard AN, Carvel RO (eds) In The Handbook of Tunnel Fire Safety, 2nd Edtion ICE Publishing, London, pp 273–304
Lönnermark A, Lindström J, Li YZ, Claesson A, Kumm M, Ingason H (2012) Full-scale fire tests with a commuter train in a tunnel. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
Li YZ, Ingason H, Lönnermark A Fire development in different scales of a train carriages. In: 11th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, New Zealand, 2014
Fire-resistance tests—Elements of building construction—Part 1: General requirements (1999). First edn. International Organization for Standardization, ISO.
Fire resistance tests—Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures (1999). First edn. European Committee for Standardization
Beproeving van het gedrag bij verhitting van twee isolatiematerialen ter bescherming van tunnels bij brand (1979). Instituut TNO voor Bouwmaterialen en Bouwconstructies, Delft, The Netherlands
Ingason H, Lönnermark A (2005) Heat Release Rates from Heavy Goods Vehicle Trailers in Tunnels. Fire Safety Journal 40:646–668
Lönnermark A (2005) On the Characteristics of Fires in Tunnels. Doctoral Thesis, Doctoral thesis, Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Carvel RO, Marlair G (2005) A history of tunnel fire experiments. In: Beard AN, Carvel RO (eds) The handbook of tunnel fire safety. Thomas Telford Publishing, London, pp 201–230
Fire and Smoke Control in Road Tunnels (1999), PIARC
Lönnermark A Goods on HGVs during Fires in Tunnels. In: 4th International Conference on Traffic and Safety in Road Tunnels, Hamburg, Germany, 25–27 April 2007. Pöyry
Kim HK, Lönnermark A, Ingason H (2010) Effective Firefighting Operations in Road Tunnels. SP Report 2010:10. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
Carvel RO (2004) Fire Size in Tunnels. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
Bergmeister K, Francesconi S (2004) Causes and Frequency of Incidents in Tunnels
Fire Accidents in the World’s Road Tunnels. (2006) http://home.no.net/lotsberg/artiklar/brann/en_tab.html
Beard AN, Carvel RO (2012) Handbook of tunnel fire safety—Second Edition. ICE Publishing
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ingason, H., Li, Y., Lönnermark, A. (2015). Introduction. In: Tunnel Fire Dynamics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2199-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2199-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2198-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2199-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)