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Sleep and Stroke

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Abstract

In many regards, the field of medicine for sleep disorders can be considered as a branch of medicine in its infancy, in large part due to the relatively recent ready availability of polysomnography (an electrographic tool, which is now recognized as the standard method for analyzing sleep). As such, many important sleep-related phenomena, including the relationship that exists between sleep and stroke, have only just recently been identified. Through the utilization of polysomnographic studies and scientific methodology, there is now an evidence to support the hypothesis that untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Laboratory studies have shown that sleep-related obstructive respiratory events can lead to hypoxemia and hypercapnia and elevations in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, resulting in significant variations in blood pressure, tachycardia–bradycardia, and even asystole. Termination of untreated OSA-related events is largely dependent upon the arousal response. Some experts hypothesize that a dysfunctional arousal system in a select population of patients with OSA may set the stage for a potential cause-and-effect relationship between untreated OSA and not only stroke but also cardiac dysrhythmias and even death.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sleep Disorders Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, 52242, Iowa, IA, USA

    Prof Mark Eric Dyken MD, FAHA, FAASM

  2. University of Iowa, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, 52242, Iowa, IA, USA

    Prof Mark Eric Dyken MD, FAHA, FAASM

  3. Department of Neurology, Sleep Disorders Center, University of Iowa, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA

    Asst. Prof. Kyoung Bin Im MD

  4. The Roy J. Carver Chair in Neuroscience, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA

    Prof. George B. Richerson MD, PhD

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  1. Prof Mark Eric Dyken MD, FAHA, FAASM
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  2. Asst. Prof. Kyoung Bin Im MD
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  3. Prof. George B. Richerson MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Mark Eric Dyken MD, FAHA, FAASM .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, New Jersey Neuroscience Institute JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey, USA

    Sudhansu Chokroverty

  2. Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France

    Michel Billiard

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Eric Dyken, M., Bin Im, K., B. Richerson, G. (2015). Sleep and Stroke. In: Chokroverty, S., Billiard, M. (eds) Sleep Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2089-1_31

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