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Membrane Rheology

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Complex Fluids in Biological Systems

Part of the book series: Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering ((BIOMEDICAL))

Abstract

Surfactant monolayers and lipid bilayers are intrinsically two-dimensional structures with viscoelastic mechanical properties. Monolayers display a plethora of complex broken symmetry phases, each with its own rheological signature, while bilayers are of fundamental biological importance in forming the cell membrane and the principal internal partitions of the cell. Understanding the low-energy excitations and mechanical response of these materials is thus an important probe of novel two-dimensional phases and essential to biomechanics at the cellular level, cell recognition, and transport across membranes; as such, a number of macroscopic and microscopic techniques have been developed to explore the rheological properties of monolayers and membranes. In this chapter we review the fundamental physics and rheology of molecularly thin membranes, paying particular attention to the fact that these systems are necessarily bounded on one or both sides by an aqueous fluid. We develop the basic theory of both the in- and out-of-plane viscoelastic response of membranes and monolayers and apply this theory to the study of particle transport at the surface. Such transport measurements form the basis of typical rheological experiments. We also report on more recent investigations regarding the role of nontrivial membrane geometry on particle transport and examine a novel approach to monolayer and membrane microrheology using the thermal fluctuations of particles submerged beneath the membrane. We conclude with a discussion of open questions in the field and some speculations on future research directions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We neglect slip between the two leaflets of the bilayer here.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Massachusetts Amherst, 666 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA

    Arthur A. Evans

  2. University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Alex J. Levine

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  1. Arthur A. Evans
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  1. Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Saverio E. Spagnolie

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Evans, A.A., Levine, A.J. (2015). Membrane Rheology. In: Spagnolie, S. (eds) Complex Fluids in Biological Systems. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2065-5_4

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