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Manifestations of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Coronary Heart Disease: The Contribution of Hypertension and the Paradox in Blacks

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Hypertension in High Risk African Americans

Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

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Abstract

Cardiovascular disease—the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States—is significantly more prevalent in black men and women compared with any other racial/ethnic group within the United States. It is a major contributor to the reduced life expectancy observed in AAs. Compared with any other race/ethnic group in the United States, AAs have the highest incidence of stroke, heart failure, sudden death, and CVD in general—with an earlier age of onset. Moreover, they exhibit the highest overall prevalence of hypertension and out-of-hospital coronary deaths, with highest mortality rates from hypertension, heart failure, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. It is noteworthy that the high rate of CVD and CHD observed in AAs appears to be out of proportion to risk burden, and various mechanisms have been proposed for this disparity.

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Abbreviations

AA:

African American

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

ANP:

Atrial natriuretic peptide

BMI:

Body mass index

BNP:

Brain natriuretic peptide

CAC:

Coronary artery calcium

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CHD:

Coronary heart disease

CHF:

Congestive heart failure

CV:

Cardiovascular

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

ECG:

Electrocardiography

EDV:

End-diastolic volume

LIFE:

Study Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction Study

LV:

Left ventricle

LVH:

Left ventricular hypertrophy

LVM:

Left ventricular mass

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NHANES:

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

RWT:

Relative wall thickness

SPECT-MPI:

Single-photon emission computed tomography–myocardial perfusion imaging

US:

United States

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Internal Medicine—Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA

    Tochi M. Okwuosa D.O.

  2. Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Kim A. Williams M.D.

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  1. Tochi M. Okwuosa D.O.
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  2. Kim A. Williams M.D.
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Correspondence to Tochi M. Okwuosa D.O. .

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  1. Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Keith C. Ferdinand

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Okwuosa, T.M., Williams, K.A. (2015). Manifestations of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Coronary Heart Disease: The Contribution of Hypertension and the Paradox in Blacks. In: Ferdinand, K. (eds) Hypertension in High Risk African Americans. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2010-5_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2010-5_6

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