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Loss of Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength in Obese and Nonobese Older Adults

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Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Aging is associated with a loss in muscle mass, muscle strength and an increase in fat mass. The mean age of the population is reaching non-preceding numbers so as the obesity prevalence. As a consequence, researchers and clinicians are trying to understand the impact of changes in body composition and how to help the situation. The terminology used to describe age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle strength has evolved since 1989. To study the change in body composition associated with age, four distinctive categories of older people have been studied: sarcopenic, dynapenic, sarcopenic-obese, and dynapenic-obese. This chapter discusses the prevalence, consequences, and possible prevention/treatment strategies of sarcopenia, dynapenia, sarcopenic obesity, and dynapenic obesity. The current literature shows that well-designed longitudinal studies show little or no association between sarcopenia and the risk of impaired physical function, falls, and mortality. Conversely, dynapenia is consistently associated with these outcomes. Studies are showing that the best treatment for these conditions is unknown as weight loss is associated with both muscle mass and muscle strength loss. Physical activity, particularly resistance exercise, is one of the most promising approaches for preventing and treating both sarcopenia and dynapenia in obese and non-obese older adults.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 318 Max Bell Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2

    Danielle R. Bouchard Ph.D.

  2. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L3N6

    Ian Janssen Ph.D.

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  1. Danielle R. Bouchard Ph.D.
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  2. Ian Janssen Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Danielle R. Bouchard Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Connie Watkins Bales

  2. Departments of Medicine and Health Care Organization and Policy Translational Nutrition and Aging Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Julie L. Locher

  3. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Edward Saltzman

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Bouchard, D.R., Janssen, I. (2015). Loss of Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength in Obese and Nonobese Older Adults. In: Bales, C., Locher, J., Saltzman, E. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1929-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1929-1_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1928-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1929-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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