Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Physical Activity and Exercise: Important Complements to Nutrition in Older Adults

  • Chapter

    • We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

    Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

  • First Online:
Book cover Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

  • 3382 Accesses

Abstract

Physical activity is vital for prevention and management of most chronic diseases and conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, age-related loss of physical function, and frailty. Public health guidelines recommend aerobic exercise, resistance training, and flexibility exercises across the lifespan, with the addition of balance exercise for older adults to decrease the risk of falls. Although the physical and mental health benefits of physical activity extend into late life, a lack of awareness among older adults and clinicians may be barriers to physical activity. Numerous evidence-based physical activity programs for older adults across a range of function can be implemented in community and clinical settings, serving as a resource for clinician referrals. Partnerships of clinicians with community-based providers will improve access to both physical activity and nutrition programs, ultimately promoting independence and quality of life for older adults.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). 2008 Physical activity guidelines for Americans: be active, healthy, and happy! Washington, DC. Available from: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default.aspx.

  2. Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(7):1510–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Proper KI, Singh AS, van Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJM. Sedentary behaviors and health outcomes among adults a systematic review of prospective studies. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40(2):174–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Craig CL, Bouchard C. Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(5):998–1005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bouchard C, Shephard RJ, Stephens T, editors. Physical activity, fitness, and health: international proceedings and consensus statement. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Villareal DT, Apovian CM, Kushner RF, Klein S. Obesity in older adults: technical review and position statement of the American Society for Nutrition and NAASO, the Obesity Society. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(5):923–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Mojtahedi MC, Thorpe MP, Karampinos DC, Johnson CL, Layman DK, Georgiadis JG, et al. The effects of a higher protein intake during energy restriction on changes in body composition and physical function in older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66(11):1218–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Layman DK, Evans EM, Erickson D, Seyler J, Weber J, Bagshaw D, et al. A moderate-protein diet produces sustained weight loss and long-term changes in body composition and blood lipids in obese adults. J Nutr. 2009;139(3):514–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Layman DK, Evans EM, Baum JI, Seyler J, Erickson DJ, Boileau RA. Dietary protein and exercise have additive effects on body composition during weight loss in adult women. J Nutr. 2005;135(8):1903–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2010. 7th ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Salive ME. Multimorbidity in older adults. Epidemiol Rev. 2013;35(1):75–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Holmes J, Powell-Griner E, Lethbridge-Cejku M, Heyman K. Aging differently: physical limitations among adults aged 50 years and over: United States, 2001–2007. NCHS Data Brief. 2009;20:1–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2009–2010. NCHS Data Brief. 2012;82:1–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Vincent HK, Vincent KR, Lamb KM. Obesity and mobility disability in the older adult. Obes Rev. 2010;11(8):568–79.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The practical guide: identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Bethesda, MD. 1998. Available from: http://catalog.nhlbi.nih.gov/catalog/product/The-Practical-Guide-Identification-Evaluation-and-Treatment-of-Overweight-and-Obesity-in-Adults/00-4084

  16. Kenney LW, Wilmore JH, Costill DL. Energy expenditure and fatigue. In: Physiology of sport and exercise. 5th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(2):459–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Waters DL, Ward AL, Villareal DT. Weight loss in obese adults 65 years and older: a review of the controversy. Exp Gerontol. 2013;48:1054.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong Y, Labarthe D, Mozaffarian D, Appel LJ, Van Horn L, et al. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s strategic impact goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation. 2010;121(4):586–613.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA, Bittner V, Comoss P, Foody JA, et al. Core components of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2007;27:121–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Miller EL, Murray L, Richards L, Zorowitz RD, Bakas T, Clark P, et al. Comprehensive overview of nursing and interdisciplinary rehabilitation care of the stroke patient: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2010;41:2402–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bowles DK, Laughlin MH. Mechanism of beneficial effects of physical activity on atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. J Appl Physiol. 2011;111(1):308–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Prasad S, Sung B, Aggarwal B. Age-associated chronic diseases require age-old medicine: role of chronic inflammation. Prev Med. 2012;54:S29–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Centers for Prevention and Disease Control (CDC). Vital signs: prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertensio--nited States, 1999–2002 and 2005–2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2011; 60(4):103–8. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6004a4.htm

  25. Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Ray CA. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(3):533–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ervin RB. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults 20 years of age and over, by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index: United States, 2003–2006. Natl Health Stat Rep. 2009;(13):1–7

    Google Scholar 

  27. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Blissmer BJ, Rubin RR, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement executive summary. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(12):2692–6.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Roitman JL, LaFontaine T. Exercise and physical activity. In: The exercise professional’s guide to optimizing health: strategies for preventing and reducing chronic disease. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012. p. 46–73.

    Google Scholar 

  29. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures 2013. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2013 [cited 2013 April 17]; Available from: http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsfigures/cancerfactsfigures/cancer-facts-figures-2013

  30. Schmitz KH, Courneya KS, Matthews C, Demark-Wahnefried W, Galvao DA, Pinto BM, et al. American College of Sports Medicine roundtable on exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42(7):1409–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Giovannucci E. Insulin, insulin-like growth factors and colon cancer: a review of the evidence. J Nutr. 2001;131(11 Suppl):3109S–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Brown KA, Simpson ER. Obesity and breast cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012;4:2515–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention. Falls among older adults: an overview 2012 [cited 2013 Apr 22]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/falls/adultfalls.html

  34. National Osteoporosis Foundation. What is osteoporosis. 2013 [cited 2013 April 7]; Available from: http://www.nof.org/articles/7

  35. Kohrt WM, Bloomfield SA, Little KD, Nelson ME, Yingling VR. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: physical activity and bone health. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(11):1985–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen JH, Liu C, You L, Simmons CA. Boning up on Wolff’s law: mechanical regulation of the cells that make and maintain bone. J Biomech. 2010;43(1):108–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Colcombe S, Kramer AF. Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Sci. 2003;14(2):125–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Bridle C, Spanjers K, Patel S, Atherton NM, Lamb SE. Effect of exercise on depression severity in older people: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;201(3):180–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Blake H, Mo P, Malik S, Thomas S. How effective are physical activity interventions for alleviating depressive symptoms in older people? A systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23(10):873–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Dishman RK, Washburn RA, Heath GW. Physical activity and mental health. In: Physical activity epidemiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2004. p. 379–440.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Dishman RK, Washburn RA, Heath GW. All-cause mortality. In: Physical activity epidemiology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 2004. p. 77–94.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Behavioral risk factor surveillance system data. [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. c 1996, 2005, 2011; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/

  43. National Institute on Aging (NIA). Exercise & physical activity: your everyday guide from the National Institute on Aging. Gaithersburg, MD. 2009. Available from: http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/exercise-physical-activity-your-everyday-guide-national-institute-aging-1

  44. Schutzer KA, Graves BS. Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults. Prev Med. 2004;39(5):1056–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Healthy Aging: helping people to live long and productive lives and enjoy a good quality of life [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2013 Apr 7]; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/aging.htm

  46. Barnes PM, Schoenborn CA. Trends in adults receiving a recommendation for exercise or other physical activity from a physician or other health professional, NCHS Data Brief, vol. 86. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  47. American College of Sports Medicine. Exercise is medicine [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2013 Apr 7]; Available from: http:/exerciseismedicine.org

    Google Scholar 

  48. National Council on Aging (NCOA) Center for Healthy Aging (US). About evidence-based programs. [Internet] Washington, DC, 2013 [cited 2013 February 2, 2013]; Available from: http://www.ncoa.org/improve-health/center-for-healthy-aging/about-evidence-based-programs.html

  49. (US) Administration on Aging. Disease prevention and health promotion services (oaa title iid). Washington, DC [updated 2013 Feb 5; cited 2013 February 2]; Available from: http://www.aoa.gov/AoARoot/AoA_Programs/HPW/Title_IIID/index.aspx#purpose

  50. National Institute on Aging (NIA) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Go4life: info for health professionals. [Internet] 2013 [cited 2013 February 2]; Available from: http://go4life.nia.nih.gov/about/health-professionals

  51. National Council on Aging (NCOA) Center for Healthy Aging (US). Title iii-d highest tier evidence-based health promotion/disease prevention programs. Washington, DC: NCOA; 2012 [updated 2013 January]

    Google Scholar 

  52. Partners in Care Foundation (Partners). Healthy moves for aging well. [Internet] [cited 2013 February 2]; Available from: http://www.picf.org/landing_pages/22,3.html

  53. Arthritis Foundation. Walk with ease. [Internet] [cited 2013 February 2]; Available from: http://www.arthritis.org/resources/community-programs/walk-with-ease/

  54. National Council on Aging (NCOA). Healthy aging programs: secrets to success. [Internet] 2012 [cited 2013 February 2]; Available from: http://www.ncoa.org/national-institute-of-senior-centers/nisc-news/healthy-aging-programs.html

  55. Healthways Inc. SilverSneakers®? [Internet] Franklin, TN [cited 2014 September 16]; Available from: http://www.silversneakers.com/.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, HHP Building, Greensboro, NC, 27402-6170, USA

    Anne O. Brady B.S., M.S., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, 140 Barrow Hall, 115 DW Brooks Dr., Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Alison Clune Berg B.S.F.C.S., M.S.

  3. Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Dawson Hall, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Mary Ann Johnson Ph.D.

  4. Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 101A Ramsey Center, 330 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6554, USA

    Ellen M. Evans Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Anne O. Brady B.S., M.S., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alison Clune Berg B.S.F.C.S., M.S.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mary Ann Johnson Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ellen M. Evans Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary Ann Johnson Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham VA Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Connie Watkins Bales

  2. Departments of Medicine and Health Care Organization and Policy Translational Nutrition and Aging Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Julie L. Locher

  3. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Edward Saltzman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brady, A.O., Berg, A.C., Johnson, M.A., Evans, E.M. (2015). Physical Activity and Exercise: Important Complements to Nutrition in Older Adults. In: Bales, C., Locher, J., Saltzman, E. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1929-1_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1929-1_22

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-1928-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-1929-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Search

Navigation