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Microbes in Colon Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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The Role of Microbes in Common Non-Infectious Diseases

Part of the book series: Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century ((EIDC,volume 1))

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Abstract

Section A of this chapter reviews the current epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenic mechanisms of colorectal cancers [CRC], which are increasing in westernized societies. This trend is generally attributed to increased consumption of red meat and fat with less usage of vegetables and fruits in the diet. In this chapter the pathobiology of the epithelial cells to development of cancer is reviewed. The emerging concepts demonstrated by studies over the past decade of the importance of the gut microflora, which can be altered by diet and antimicrobials to either protect or predispose to neoplastic changes of the intestinal epithelium. The chemical changes in the gut environment produced by favorable and unfavorable gut commensals and role on development of CRC are reviewed. Data from human clinical studies and animal models are discussed.

Section B reviews the increasing evidence of the importance of a normal balance of different genera of the gut microbiota to protect against inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], which are diseases of modernization and westernization. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota predisposes some individuals with inherited genetic risk to develop IBD, which can also lead to CRC. Thus, the role of microbes in the pathogenic mechanisms of these two conditions appears to be closely related.

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  1. University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    I. W. Fong

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Fong, I.W. (2014). Microbes in Colon Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: The Role of Microbes in Common Non-Infectious Diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1670-2_2

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